Serum fatty acid composition and indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity are associated with systemic inflammation : longitudinal analyses in middle-aged men

Petersson, Håkan; Basu, Samar; Cederholm, Tommy; Risérus, Ulf

doi:10.1017/s0007114507871674

Cited by 93 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…To date, only two Swedish studies have explored the relationship between desaturase and CRP concentration [10,11] one of which showed similar results to ours [10]. Our results suggest that high D5D is protective against inflammation, although the mechanism of this effect is unclear.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

“…The fatty acid composition of serum cholesteryl esters can be used as a quantitative biomarker of fatty acid intake [6]. A number of studies have examined the association between serum cholesteryl esters fatty acid composition and CRP concentration in Western populations [7][8][9][10][11]. CRP concentrations have been positively associated with saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid [11] and monounsaturated fatty acids such as palmitoleic acid [10,11] and oleic acid [10], but inversely associated with polyunsaturated fatty acids such as n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids [7], alpha-linolenic acid [8,9], eicosapentaenoic acid [8] and linoleic acid [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The delta -9, 6, and 5 desaturases (D9D, D6D, D5D) introduce a double bond at specific positions on long-chain fatty acids [12]: D9D synthesizes mainly palmitoleic and oleic acid from palmitic and stearic acid, respectively; D6D catalyzes the conversion of linoleic acid to gamma-linolenic acid, which is elongated to dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid and then desaturated to arachidonic acid by D5D; and D5D and D6D also promote the conversion of alpha-linolenic acid into eicosapentaenoic acid. Recently, two studies in a Swedish population reported an association between increased CRP concentration and high D9D [11], high D6D [10,11], and low D5D [10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of serum fatty acid composition and desaturase activity to C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women

et al. 2012

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a b s t r a c tBackground: Although fatty acid composition in serum and desaturase activity, which alters serum fatty acid composition, has been associated with C-reactive protein (CRP) concentration in Western populations, no study has been carried out in non-Western populations. We examined the association of serum fatty acids and estimated desaturase activity with CRP concentrations in Japanese men and women. Methods: Subjects were 489 Japanese municipal employees aged 21-67 years who participated in a survey at the time of a periodic health check-up. Serum high-sensitivity CRP concentrations were measured using the latex agglutination nephelometry method. Fatty acid composition was measured in serum cholesteryl esters and desaturase activities by fatty acid product-to-precursor ratios. Relationships were assessed using multiple regression. Results: Serum CRP concentration was positively associated with palmitic acid (P for trend = 0.002) and inversely with alpha-linolenic acid (P for trend = 0.01) in men, and positively with dihomogamma-linolenic acid (P for trend in men or women = 0.01) and inversely with delta-5-desaturase (20:4n-6/20:3n-6) (P for trend in men and women = 0.05 and 0.002, respectively) in men and women. Conclusions: Low-grade inflammation may be associated with a serum fatty acid pattern of high palmitic acid or low alpha-linolenic acid in men, and of high dihomo-gamma-linolenic acid or low delta-5-desaturase in both sexes.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 80%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Relationship of serum fatty acid composition and desaturase activity to C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women

et al. 2012

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“…In this study, the ratios between specifi c FA products and their precursors were used to estimate the enzymatic activity of brain desturase and elongase systems, which is a common approach in some other tissues, as liver or plasma [47]. Brain FA composition is a complex mixture of de novo synthesized FA in the brain tissue and FA derived from the diet or synthesized in the liver.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With A Mixture Of Buckwheat Leaf And Flower On Fatty Acid Composition Of Rat Brain Phospholipids

et al. 2015

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The aim of our study was to stablish the possible alternations in fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids in rats on a standard and high-fat diet supplemented with buckwheat leaf and fl ower mixture (BLF) and subsequent possible benefi cial effects of BLF. Four months old male Wistar rats were randomly divided into fi ve experimental groups fed a standard diet, standard diet supplemented with 5% BLF, high-fat diet, high-fat diet with full-period (13 weeks) of 5% BLF supplementation and high-fat diet with partial-period (7 weeks) of 5% BLF supplementation. Gas-liquid chromatography was performed to analyze the fatty acids in hexane lipid extracts of whole rat brains.Supplementation with BLF did not induce signifi cant changes in fatty acid composition of whole brain phospholipids in rats fed the standard diet. In rats on high-fat diet concomitant (full-period) BLF supplementation increased eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3, EPA), total n-6 and n-6/n-3 ratio, and decreased the percentage of oleic acid (18:1n-9) and estimated activity of Δ-9 desaturase. When BLF application was postponed (partial-period) in the case of developed hyperlipidemia, a decrease of stearic acid (18:0) accompanied with an increased estimated Δ-9 desaturase activity was observed. Regardless of BLF supplementation all high-fat diet-fed groups showed an elevated percentage of linoleic acid (18:2n-6, LA) and a reduced estimated Δ-6 desaturase activity.BLF contributes to the maintenance of stable fatty acid composition of brain phospholipids and supports normal brain function in high-fat diet rats, with more positive effects when BLF was applied before hyperlipidemia developed. This could be the mode of buckwheat health benefi cial effects on the brain.

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“…While some believed that n-6 fatty acids are pro-inflammatory compared with n-3 fatty acids, this hypothesis is not supported by clinical or epidemiologic data in humans [11]. Rather, some data show that consumption of linoleic acid is inversely related to plasma C-reactive protein concentrations, and therefore is anti-inflammatory [19,20]. People who consume approximately 3 servings per day of whole grain foods are less likely to develop type 2 diabetes than low consumers (<3 servings per week) with a risk reduction in the order of 20-30% [21].…”

Section: Dietary Componentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

The Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Plant-Based Diet

Strombom¹,

Rose²

2017

EMIJ

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Those following a plant-based diet have a 78% reduction risk of Type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as well as a 56% reduced risk of metabolic syndrome and a lower average BMI, 22.4 for men and 21.8 for women. Vegetarians have less skeletal intramyocellular lipids, and better myocellular glucose disposal and mitochondrial function, and therefore have less peripheral insulin resistance. Vegetarians and vegans also have a much better inflammatory status, indicated by lower levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP and inflammatory adipocytokines such as IL-6, leptin, and higher levels of anti-inflammatory adipocytokines such as adiponectin. Those following a plant-based diet consume much less persistent organic pollutants (POPs) which have been shown to cause beta-cell mitochondrial dysfunction. Finally, the gut microbiome of vegetarians has been shown to play a role in reducing insulin resistance and the level of inflammation in the body, and consequently their risk of T2DM. Interventional studies show a reduction of HbA1C by as much as 2.4 percentage pts, which is more than is usually achieved with Metformin. Other clinical variables also show improvement such as reductions in BMI, total and LDL cholesterol and hsCRP. Studies show compliance rates are good, ranging from 84% to 99%. Medications should be titrated as the patient shows improvements. Treatment with a plantbased diet has no contraindications or adverse reactions. Keywords:

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Serum fatty acid composition and indices of stearoyl-CoA desaturase activity are associated with systemic inflammation : longitudinal analyses in middle-aged men

Cited by 93 publications

References 26 publications

Relationship of serum fatty acid composition and desaturase activity to C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women

Relationship of serum fatty acid composition and desaturase activity to C-reactive protein in Japanese men and women

Effects Of Dietary Supplementation With A Mixture Of Buckwheat Leaf And Flower On Fatty Acid Composition Of Rat Brain Phospholipids

The Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus with a Plant-Based Diet

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