Serum Hormones and the Alcohol-Breast Cancer Association in Postmenopausal Women

Dorgan, Joanne F.; Baer, David J.; Albert, Paul S.; Judd, Joseph T.; Brown, Ellen; Corle, Donald K.; Campbell, William H.; Hartman, Terryl J.; Tejpar, Aliya A.; Clevidence, Beverly A.; Giffen, Carol; Chandler, Donald Walt; Stanczyk, Frank Z.; Taylor, Philip R.

doi:10.1093/jnci/93.9.710

Cited by 234 publications

(186 citation statements)

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“…23 Although these mechanisms have not been precisely determined, the involvement of ER-mediated 14,15,58 estrogen-dependent [16][17][18][19] mechanisms, and hormone-independent mechanisms [20][21][22][23] has been suggested.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Suzuki¹,

Iwasaki

Inoue³

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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Epidemiological studies have evaluated whether the impact of alcohol intake on breast cancer risk is modified by use of exogenous estrogens, folate intake, body weight and smoking status, but results have been inconsistent. Further, effect modification by intake of isoflavones and alcohol-induced facial flushing, which are prevalent in Asian populations, have not been investigated. We investigated the association between alcohol intake and breast cancer risk and whether the association is modified by these factors among 50,757 premenopausal and postmenopausal women (aged 40-69 years) in the population-based Japan Public Health Center-based Prospective Study. Alcohol consumption and other related factors were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Through to the end of 2006, 572 patients were identified. Relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by hazard ratios derived from Cox proportional hazards regression models. Compared with never-drinkers, regular alcohol drinkers (>150 g of ethanol/week) had a higher risk of the development of breast cancer; the multivariable-adjusted RRs were 1.75 (95% CI 5 1.16-2.65; p trend 5 0.035) for overall, 1.78 (95% CI 5 1.09-2.90) for premenopausal and 1.21 (95% CI 5 0.53-2.75) for postmenopausal women. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification by menopausal status, use of exogenous estrogens, intakes of isoflavone and folate, body weight, alcohol-induced facial flushing or smoking (All p interactions ! 0.15). Excessive alcohol intake was associated with an increase in the risk of breast cancer in this population. There was no statistical evidence for effect modification.Alcohol-related carcinogenesis of the breast has been identified in a number of animal and epidemiological studies, and confirmed by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) working group, 1,2 the Second Expert Report from the World Cancer Research Fund, 3 and meta-analyses. 4,5 Apparently consistent with this, the steep increase in the incidence of breast cancer in Japan over the last 3 decades 6 has coincided with an upward trend in alcohol consumption, 7 although other explanations may include increased height, early menarche, low birthrate or late first birth. [8][9][10][11] Nevertheless, a recent qualitative review 12 of 11 epidemiological studies conducted in Japanese women suggested that the association remains inconclusive, albeit that one prospective study in 35,844 women, including 151 cases, reported a positive association. 13 Proposed mechanisms of ethanol-associated breast carcinogenesis include both hormone-dependent 14-19 as well as hormone-independent carcinogenic pathways, such as the induction of carcinogenesis, mutagenesis and DNA damage by acetaldehyde, a toxic ethanol metabolite; reactive oxygen species and an effect on one carbon metabolism, which is involved with folate level and vitamin B intake. [20][21][22][23][24] Although the results of a meta-analysis 5 supported both pathways by showing a positive association for estr...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Suzuki¹,

Iwasaki

Inoue³

et al. 2010

Intl Journal of Cancer

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“…In a controlled feeding study, serum levels of estrone sulphate and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate were significantly increased by the consumption of 30 g of alcohol per day in postmenopausal women (Dorgan et al, 2001). Since CYP19 is also involved in the biosynthesis of oestrogen, the CYP19 genotype and alcohol consumption may synergistically increase breast cancer risk by affecting both synthesis and metabolism of oestrogen.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 19 and 1B1, alcohol use, and breast cancer risk in Korean women

Lee

Abel

et al. 2003

Br J Cancer

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A case -control study was performed to assess the potential influence of CYP19 Arg 264 Cys and CYP1B1 Leu 432 Val polymorphisms on breast cancer risk in a series of Korean breast cancer patients and controls. The results suggest that the CYP19 Arg 264 Cys polymorphism modifies breast cancer risk (OR ¼ 1.5, 95% CI ¼ 1.1 -2.2), especially in association with alcohol consumption (P for interaction ¼ 0.04), whereas the CYP1B1 Leu 432 Val polymorphism appears to play no role here. Breast cancer is the second most frequent cancer in Korean women and its incidence is increasing (Yoo et al, 1998). Lifetime cumulative exposure to oestrogens is known as the most important risk factor for breast cancer (Yager, 2000). A variety of different enzymes are involved in the synthesis of oestrogen from cholesterol and further metabolism of oestrogen (Thompsen and Ambrosone, 2000). Polymorphisms of genes encoding for these proteins are regarded as the candidates for elevated breast cancer risk.The CYP19 gene encodes aromatase, which catalyses the formation of oestrogens from testosterone and androstenedione. To date, several polymorphisms have been found in the CYP19 gene (i.e. Polymeropulous et al, 1991;Sourdaine et al, 1994;Siegelmann-Danieli and Buetow, 1999;Healey et al, 2000;Miyoshi et al, 2000). One of these, a C-to-T variation in exon 7 resulting in an Arg 264 Cys amino-acid exchange, has been shown to be very common in Asians (Watanabe et al, 1997;Miyoshi et al, 2000) and could thus be an important modifier of breast cancer risk in this ethnic group.The CYP1B1 enzyme is known to be involved in the formation of 4-hydroxyoestradiol, which is a catechol metabolite of oestrogen (Hayes et al, 1996). A C-to-G variation in exon 3 of the CYP1B1 gene results in a Leu 432 Val amino-acid exchange. The Leu/Leu genotype has been associated with increased breast cancer risk in an Asian population (Zheng et al, 2000) but controversial results have been reported as well (Bailey et al, 1998;Watanabe et al, 2000).In this study, we have evaluated the potential influence of CYP19 Arg 264 Cys and CYP1B1 Leu 432 Val polymorphisms on the breast cancer risk among Korean women as an extension of our previous work in this study population (Park et al, 2000;Yim et al, 2001). MATERIALS AND METHODS Study subjectsThe criteria of subject selection and details of data collection on lifestyle have been described elsewhere (Park et al, 2000;Yim et al, 2001). Eligible study population consisted of 389 incident breast cancer cases and 346 controls with no other known cancer or systemic disease, admitted in 1995 -2001 to three teaching hospitals located in Seoul, Korea (Seoul National University Hospital, Borame Hospital, and Asan Medical Center). Each patient was frequency-matched to one control in the following age groups : under 30, 30 -34, 35 -39, 40 -44, 45 -49, 50 -54, 55 -59, 60 -69, and over 70 years; 288 cases and 288 controls were selected and genotyped for CYP19. Informed consents were obtained at the time of blood withdrawal. Information on demogr...

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“…Details of the study design and procedures have been previously published (Dorgan et al, 2001;Baer et al, 2002). Postmenopausal women were recruited by advertisement from the communities surrounding the Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Beltsville, Maryland, USA.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Calorie intake misreporting by diet record and food frequency questionnaire compared to doubly labeled water among postmenopausal women

Mahabir

Baer²,

Giffen

et al. 2005

Eur J Clin Nutr

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Objective:We assessed the extent of energy misreporting from the use of a self-administered 7-day diet record (7-DDR) and a widely used food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) compared to total energy expenditure from doubly labeled water (DLW) in a group of postmenopausal women. Design: At baseline, 65 healthy postmenopausal women were instructed to fill out the National Cancer Institute's (NCI) FFQ and a 7-DDR. Average total energy expenditure using the DLW method was also performed at baseline. Results: On average, the women underestimated total energy intake compared to total energy expenditure assessed from DLW by 37% on the 7-DDR and 42% on the FFQ. Conclusions: These findings suggest that the interpretation of findings from the 7-DDR-and FFQ-based energy-disease association studies in postmenopausal women needs further evaluation. IntroductionNutritional epidemiologists have long recognized that selfreported dietary intake data underestimate energy intake, but uncertainty remains about its magnitude in specific populations. A population of interest is postmenopausal women because although natural menopause represents a normal aspect of aging, it is also associated with increased risk for a variety of diseases such as osteoporosis (Eichner et al., 2003), type 1 diabetes (Dorman et al., 2001), cardiovascular diseases (Gorodeski, 1994, and breast cancer (Edwards et al., 2002). Because numerous studies use data from self-reported questionnaires to assess the association between diet and disease in postmenopausal women it is important to understand the magnitude of dietary intake misreporting in this population. Energy intake is a very critical component of the relationship between diet and disease because nutritional epidemiologists only consider the associations with nutrients as primary if the effects are independent of caloric intake resulting from differences of body size and energy expenditure level (Willett and Stampfer, 1996). For this reason it has become very popular (if not mandatory) to adjust for total energy intake measured by dietary questionnaires in multivariate models to assess the independent effect of nutrients on disease. The limitation is that dietary questionnaires may estimate energy intake rather poorly (Black et al., 1997;Hill and Davies, 2001;Subar et al., 2003). Thus, it is important to understand the extent of energy intake misreporting from dietary questionnaires and this can only be achieved when the comparison is made to a well-established biomarker for energy intake. Identification of the quantitative characteristics of the misreporting of energy intake may be useful to develop better diet questionnaires, to adjust for dietary measurement error, and to aid in the interpretation of epidemiological studies of diet-disease associations in postmenopausal women.The purpose of our study was to assess the extent of energy intake misreporting computed from a 7-day dietary record (7-DDR) and the widely used National Cancer Institute's food frequency questionnaire (FFQ) (Subar et al., 2001) ...

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Serum Hormones and the Alcohol-Breast Cancer Association in Postmenopausal Women

Abstract: Results suggest a possible mechanism by which consumption of one or two alcoholic drinks per day by postmenopausal women could increase their risk of breast cancer.

Cited by 234 publications

References 50 publications

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Alcohol consumption‐associated breast cancer incidence and potential effect modifiers: the Japan Public Health Center‐based Prospective Study

Genetic polymorphisms of cytochrome P450 19 and 1B1, alcohol use, and breast cancer risk in Korean women

Calorie intake misreporting by diet record and food frequency questionnaire compared to doubly labeled water among postmenopausal women

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