SERUM IgM AND IgG RESPONSES IN POSTNATALLY ACQUIRED RUBELLA

Best, JenniferM.; Banatvala, J. E.; Watson, D.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(69)92386-1

Cited by 114 publications

(50 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…All contained specific IgA and IgM antibodies. No intermediate specimens were available and we were therefore unable to study the duration of IgA and IgM antibody responses in mothers carrying an infected conceptus, but we agree with Best, Banatvala & Watson (1969) and Desmyter, South & Rawls (1971), who found that IgM antibody is not usually present in maternal serum soon after delivery of an infected infant.…”

Section: Depression Of Igm Staining By Fractions Containing Igg Antibodysupporting

confidence: 54%

Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome

Cradock-Watson

Ridehalgh

1976

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescent technique has been used to detect and titrate the specific immunoglobulins in serum specimens from 154 infants with confirmed or suspected congenital rubella. IgM antibody was stained more efficiently in sucrose density gradient fractions than in whole serum and was detected in this way in 27 out of 40 patients with confirmed congenital rubella at ages ranging from birth to 2 years. It was present in 48 out of 50 serum specimens during the first 6 months of life and in 11 out of 38 specimens obtained at ages between 62 months and 2 years. IgM antibody was therefore estimated to persist for about 6 months in the majority of cases and up to 2 years in a few individuals. IgM antibody was also detected by this method in 11 out of 114 infants with suspected but unconfirmed congenital rubella at ages up to 5 months. The total concentrations of IgM were above the normal range in nearly all sera taken from confirmed cases during the first 3 months of life and in half the specimens obtained between the ages of 3 and 6 months.IgG antibody was detected by fluorescent staining of whole serum in all patients with congenital rubella. Geometric mean titres increased during the first 3 months of life and then declined slowly. IgA antibody was not detected, except in two patients in whom traces were present at the age of 6 months, and the total concentrations of IgA were usually within normal limits.Fluorescent staining of fractions showed that the sedimentation characteristics of rubella IgG and IgM antibodies were the same in infants as in adults. The peak IgM fractions never contained IgG antibody, and the presence of specific IgM in these fractions could usually have been safely inferred from their IIA titres. Fluorescent staining, however, was more sensitive and frequently detected IgM antibody in fractions which had no definite HAI activity.Fluorescent staining of whole serum for IgM antibody was less distinct, and often unsuccessful, even in specimens in which specific IgM was detected in the fractions. The addition of IgG-to IgM-containing fractions caused depression of IgM staining and suggested that failure to detect IgM antibody in whole serum was partly due to competitive inhibition by specific IgG.

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Section: Depression Of Igm Staining By Fractions Containing Igg Antibodysupporting

confidence: 54%

Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome

Cradock-Watson

Ridehalgh

1976

J. Hyg.

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“…In uncomplicated rubella, specific IgM antibody is present for only 3-4 weeks (Vesikari and Vaheri, 1968;Best, Banatvala and Watson, 1969) and in measles it has usually disappeared by the 6th week (Connolly et al, 1971). The more persistent response in HSV infection resembles that seen in infections with EB virus (Banatvala, Best and Waller, 1972) and cytomegalovirus (Schmitz and Haas, 1972), both members of the herpesvirus group.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Specific IgG and IgM Antibody Responses in Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections

Kurtz¹

1974

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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OF the wide variety of diseases caused by herpes-simplex virus (HSV) possibly the most severe is acute necrotising encephalitis, which is associated with a high mortality and, in the survivors, with varying degrees of permanent damage to the brain.Recent advances in treatment (Juel-Jensen and MacCallum, 1972) have made obvious the need for early and rapid diagnosis. This at present rests on brain biopsy, with recognition of the presence of virus by immunofluorescence and culture. The detection of antibody in serum, early in the disease, is of no help in diagnosis because a high percentage of the population has antibodies against HSV.In some other viral diseases, e.g., rubella and measles, the presence of specific IgM antibody in the serum has been interpreted as sigmfying recent or continuing infection (Haire and Hadden, 1970;Connolly, Haire and Hadden, 1971). The present work was undertaken to elucidate the antibody responses, both IgG and IgM, in primary HSV infections, oral and genital, in herpetic recurrences and in herpes-simplex encephalitis (HSE). MATERIALS AND METHODSPatients. Serum specimens were taken from nine patients with primary HSV infection, five of whom had oral lesions from which HSV, type 1, had been isolated and four of whom had genital lesions from which type-2 virus had been isolated; and from four patients with recurrent cold sores and one with recurrent genital lesions-all confirmed by virus isolation. Serum and CSF specimens were obtained from ten patients with HSE. The only sera available to us for testing from three of the patients (nos. 21, 23 and 24) had already been inactivated for 30 min. at 56°C. All specimens were stored at -30°C.CompZementfxing (CF) antibody test. This was done by the standard technique, in WHO plates, using 3 MHD of complement and overnight incubation at +4"C. The HSV antigen was either made in our own virus laboratory, by ultrasonic disruption of RK13 cells that had been heavily infected with type-1 herpesvirus, or obtained from the Standards Laboratory, Colindale.Indirect-immunofluorescence antibody test. BHK21 cells were grown on cover slips and were then infected with a dose of a laboratory strain of HSV, type 1, that produced a 3+ cytopathic effect after overnight incubation at 35°C. After this time, the cover slips were washed in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), fixed in acetone for 5 min. and stored at -30°C until used. Serum and CSF specimens for testing were absorbed with BHK21 cells (1.5 x 108 cells per ml of specimen) for 1 hour on a roller at 35°C and then overnight at +4"C.

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“…The IgM response is usually transient, and in rubella in particular the presence of specific IgM has been found to indicate recent infection (Best, Banatvala & Watson, 1969;Cradock-Watson, Bourne & Vandervelde, 1972;Pattison & Dane, 1975). IgG antibody is more permanent: although titres decline after the initial response they tend to persist indefinitely at lower values, especially after those infections that are normally followed by lifelong immunity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Specific immunoglobulin responses after varicella and herpes zoster

Cradock-Watson

Ridehalgh

Bourne

1979

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYThe indirect immunofluorescence technique has been used to titrate the specific immunoglobulins in 200 sera from 64 patients with varicella, and 195 sera from 67 patients with herpes zoster. IgG and IgM antibodies were detected in all patients with varicella, and IgA in 59 (92 %). All three classes of antibody appeared 2-5 days after the onset of the rash, increased virtually simultaneously and reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks. IgG then declined slowly, but never became undetectable and was still present in five subjects who were retested after 2-4 years; it was present in 88 out of 100 healthy young adults and probably persists indefinitely after varicella. IgA and IgM antibodies declined more rapidly and were not detected in specimens taken more than a year after the illness. IgA, however, may possibly persist in some cases since low titres were found in 8 out of 88 young adults who possessed IgG antibody and had presumably had varicella in the past. IgA responses were significantly weaker in children under the age of 6 years than in older children and adults.Six out of 67 patients with zoster were tested at various times before the onset of the rash: IgG antibody was detected in all. IgG was present in all sera taken after the onset of the rash, increased rapidly after 2-5 days, reached maximum titres during the second and third weeks and then declined slowly. IgA antibody was detected in 66 patients (99 %) and IgM in 52 (78 %); both types of antibody followed transient courses, as in varicella.Maximum titres of IgG and complement-fixing antibodies were greater after zoster than after varicella, but the differences were not significant. IgA and IgM titres in young adults with zoster were significantly lower than in older patients, and also lower than in young adults with varicella.Increases in varicella-zoster antibody in patients with herpes simplex virus infections consisted mainly of IgG, sometimes IgA, but never IgM.

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SERUM IgM AND IgG RESPONSES IN POSTNATALLY ACQUIRED RUBELLA

Cited by 114 publications

References 18 publications

Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome

Specific immunoglobulins in infants with the congenital rubella syndrome

Specific IgG and IgM Antibody Responses in Herpes-Simplex-Virus Infections

Specific immunoglobulin responses after varicella and herpes zoster

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