Serum immunoglobulin levels in Chinese male schizophrenics

Wong, Chloe; Wing-Foo, Tsoi; Saha, N.

doi:10.1016/0920-9964(93)90077-v

Cited by 14 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…In schizophrenic patients have been observed a significant increase in the plasma level of the immunoglobulins IgG and IgM [61], resembling the findings in portacaval shunted rats [62]. More specifically an increase in the immune response against viral antigens has been demonstrated in schizophrenia [63,64] as well as in chronic liver disease [65].…”

Section: Immune Responsesupporting

confidence: 56%

Schizophrenia and Liver Dysfunction Caused by Portacaval Shunting

Krøll¹

2007

CPSR

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The present review evaluates the hypothesis that a dysfunction of the liver, caused by portacaval bypass of a normal liver, is a predisposing factor in the pathogenesis of schizophrenia. In support of this hypothesis was observed a more than coincidental correlation of deviant biological findings in schizophrenia and portacaval shunting. Deviations were observed in the expression of neurotransmitters and neuroreceptors, metabolic parameters, immune response and stress parameters as well as signs of neurotoxicity with cerebral atrophy. Doppler sonographic analysis of the portal venous system should enable a noninvasive test of the hypothesis.

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Section: Immune Responsesupporting

confidence: 56%

Schizophrenia and Liver Dysfunction Caused by Portacaval Shunting

Krøll¹

2007

CPSR

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“…The low levels of IgG and IgG1 observed here can mark the stable phase of the disease and/or related to the duration of the disease. For example, in SZ during acute crisis and also depending upon the duration of the disease, an increase in the mean serum level of total IgG was observed [ 1 , 3 , 6 , 10 , 11 , 27 , 29 , 32 ]. In the present study, as the low levels of IgG and IgG1 persisted in the BD group when the duration of the disease is taken into consideration, One may hypothesize that at stable phase, the inflammatory processes might be less vigorous than in acute phase of established infection, say T. gondii or other intercurrent infections from environmental sources may contribute to such inflammatory flare up in BD and SZ.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet another report described a decreased IgD levels in BD [ 35 ]. Studies focusing on SZ revealed an elevation of IgA, IgM or IgG in the patients’ sera or CSF during acute phases of the disease ([ 1 , 3 , 6 , 10 , 11 , 16 , 27 , 29 , 32 ]). Interestingly, in SZ, IgG raises gradually to reach a peak at about 12 to 17 years after the onset typically mirroring persistence of an underlying infection [ 10 , 33 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immunoglobulin sub-class distribution in bipolar disorder and schizophrenia: potential relationship with latent Toxoplasma Gondii infection

et al. 2018

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BackgroundImmune dysfunction could play a significant role in the pathogenesis of bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SZ), conditions with an underlying pro-inflammatory state. Studies on humoral immune responses (which reflects antibody mediated fight against pathogens) in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder are sparse and often providing contradictory results. The aim of this study was to assess humoral immunity in a group of stable bipolar disorder and schizophrenia patients compared to controls by determining total Immunoglobulins and IgG subclasses and to assess their association with latent Toxoplasma gondii and/or CMV infection.Methods334 subjects (124 BD, 75 SZ and 135 Healthy Controls [HC]) were included and tested for humoral immunity by determining the total immunoglobulins (IgG,A and M) and IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4) and their relationship with latent Toxoplasma gondii infection, an established risk factor for BD and SZ.ResultsAlthough lower levels of IgG, IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgA were found among BD as compared to HC and/or SZ, after adjustment for confounding variables, only low levels of IgG and IgG1 in BD remai- ned significant. Strikingly highest levels of antibodies to T. gondii (but not CMV) infection in BD and SZ were associated with lowest levels of IgG3 and IgG4 levels as compared to controls.ConclusionsSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder patients with latent T. gondii specific infection may be more vulnerable to changes in immuno-inflammatory processes than controls with similar latent infectious state. Simultaneous sequential immunological monitoring both in steady state and active disease phases in the same BD and SZ patients are warranted to understand the role of Toxoplasma gondii latency in these disorders.

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“…Sane et al 156 also report significantly higher levels of IgM in patients suffering from psychiatric disorders; however, those levels were similar to that in other patients hospitalized in the same hospital preoperatively. Chong-Thim et al 157 also report elevated levels of IgM in schizophrenia serum, without mentioning whether the patients were drug treated or not. DeLisi 158 found no reduction of IgM levels in chronic schizophrenia patients who were drug free for only 3 weeks.…”

Section: Immune Responsementioning

confidence: 99%