Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Premature and Full-term Infants

Evans, Hugh E.; Akpata, Solomon O.; Glass, Leonard

doi:10.1093/ajcp/56.3.416

Cited by 71 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Among full-term infants, 13% had antibody persistence at 6 to 12 months. This decline in the level of maternal antibody titers over the first months of life has already been documented for other infectious diseases (5,12,13). The half-life of anti-VZV antibodies calculated in our study (6 weeks) is in accordance with the results of a previous study reporting a half-life of 45 days for passively transferred anti-VZV IgG (21).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Anti-Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibodies in French Infants under 15 Months of Age

Pinquier¹,

Gagneur

Balu

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 91%

Prevalence of Anti-Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibodies in French Infants under 15 Months of Age

Pinquier¹,

Gagneur

Balu

et al. 2009

Clin Vaccine Immunol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…In the patients Ag and Th who were delivered after 28 wk of pregnancy, the IGIV infusions resulted in a pronounced increase of all fOUf IgG subclass serum concentrations. In Ag, cord blood subclass concentrations were lower than those observed in the maternal preinfusion sample and corresponded to values reported in the literature for that gestational age (2,4,5). In Th, cord blood subclass levels were comparable to those observed in the maternal preinfusion sample and thus exceeded the expected values.…”

Section: Methodssupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Maternal IgG is known to be transferred across the placenta, probably by an active transport mechanism involving Fc receptors for IgG molecules on the syncytiotrophoblast membrane (13,14). Fetal serum levels of the four IgG subclasses increase proportionally with the gestational age (2)(3)(4)(5). At the normal term of delivery cord serum levels ofIgG and IgG subclasses are often found to be approximately 10% greater than the maternal levels (2-5, IS).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

IgG Subclasses and Antibodies to Group B Streptococci, Pneumococci, and Tetanus Toxoid in Preterm Neonates after Intravenous Infusion of Immunoglobulin to the Mothers

Morell¹,

Sidiropoulos

Herrmann

et al. 1986

Pediatr Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ABSTRACf. High doses of intravenous immunoglobulin were given to seven pregnant women between the 27th and 36th wk of gestation who were at risk for preterm delivery. Determinations of IgG subclasses and of antibodies against group B streptococcal serotypes, pneumococcal polysaccharides, and tetanus toxoid were done in maternal serum before and after intravenous IgG infusion and after delivery in cord serum. Substantial transplacental passage of the infused material could be observed in five cases where delivery occurred at the 34th wk or later. After the 36th wk of gestation, IgG subclass and antibody concentrations in cord serum were increased up to the levels in the maternal serum. (Pediatr Res 20:933-936, 1986) Abbreviation IGIV, intravenous immunoglobulin Preterm neonates are known to be highly susceptible to systemic bacterial infections (1). This increased risk is due in part to the immaturity of the immune system and to an incomplete transplacental transfer of protective IgG antibodies from the mother (2-7). Sidiropoulos et al. (8) have shown that the administration of IGIV in combination with antibiotics was effective in the treatment of neonatal sepsis, particularly in premature babies. As a consequence of this previous work, the question was asked whether perinatal or prenatal infection could be prevented by giving IGIV to pregnant women who were at risk for preterm delivery. As a first step, we studied the possibility of a transplacental passage of IGIV administered in the last trimenon of pregnancy. This report provides evidence that all four IgG subclasses and various specific antibodies present in the IGIV preparation are transferred from the mothers to the babies. PATIENTSThe study included seven women between the 27th and the 36th wk of pregnancy who were at risk for preterm delivery with preterm labor, rupture of the membranes, or signs of chorioam- nionitis. The gestational age was assessed by serial ultrasonography and examination of the newborns. Informed consent was obtained from all women. Immunoglobulin applications consisted of intravenous infusions of 24 g IgG (Sandoglobulin) at each of5 consecutive days (6% solution in 0.9% saline, 10 drops/ min). In addition, the patients received the antibiotics amoxicillin (4 g/day) and clindamycin (1.8 g/day). Monitoring of pulse and blood pressure, cardiotocography, and clinical observation did not show any side effects attributable to IGIV in mothers and infants. Serum samples were obtained immediately before the first and after the last infusion. In three women in whom delivery was delayed for 8-25 days after the last infusion, additional samples were taken at the time of birth. Cord blood samples were collected at delivery. The serum was kept at -20 0 C until assayed. METHODSIgG subclasses. IgG subclass specific reagents were prepared by immunizing sheep with isolated myeloma proteins and quantitative determinations were done with a solid phase radioimmunoassay as described (9, 10). Binding inhibition curves were established using the WHO r...

show abstract

“…The present study demonstrates that CTG by type I11 GBS in sera of fullterm healthy neonates is impaired. More striking abnormalities of CTG could exist for premature neonates because IgG concentrations and maturation of complement function in neonatal sera are directly related to gestational age (17,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impaired Chemotaxigenesis by Type III Group B Streptococci in Neonatal Sera: Relationship to Diminished Concentration of Specific Anticapsular Antibody and Abnormalities of Serum Complement

et al. 1983

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Summarynates and other individuals with disorders characterized bv a high A chemotaxigenesis (CTG) assay employing adult or neonatal sera, type I11 group B streptococci (GBS) and polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs) was designed to evaluate the role of PMN mobilization in the pathogenesis of type 111 GBS infection in neonates. Generation of C5a in healthy adult sera with moderatehigh (3-40 pg/ml) or low (52 pg/ml) levels of specific anticapsular antibody was confirmed by PMN aggregometry and by the neutralization of CTG by goat anti-human C5. CTG was significantly ( P < 0.001) greater in high as compared to low specific antibodycontaining adult sera; stepwise increases in CTG occurred when specific IgG was added to untreated, but not heat-inactivated, hypogammaglobulinemic serum. Immunospecificity of CTG was shown by a failure of type 111 GBS to generate C5a in heterologous (type Ia) high antibody sera. Mean CTG values in three high and 16 low antibody-containing sera from healthy term neonates were 24% and 62% of high ( P < 0.001) and low (P < 0.01) antibody adult sera, respectively. The addition of both complement and specific IgG to low antibody-containing neonatal sera was required to enhance their CTG activity to high antibody adult values. CTG by type I11 GBS in neonatal sera-neonatal PMN mixtures was only 25% (high antibody sera) and 14% (low antibody sera) of values for paired maternal sera mixtures reacted with adult PMNs ( P < 0.001). These studies demonstrate that CTG by type I11 GBS in neonatal sera is markedly diminished and that low concentrations of specific anticapsular antibody and abnormalities of complement function contribute to impaired PMN mobilization in human neonates. AbbreviationsAb, antibody ACP, alternative complement pathway C4D, C4 deficiency CH50, hemolytic complement activity CL, chemoluminescence CTG, chemotaxigenesis DPBS, Dulbecco's Phosphate Buffered Saline GBS, group B streptococci GPS, guinea pig sera PMN, polymorphonuclear leukocyte THB, Todd-Hewett broth ZAP, zymosan-activated plasma Among inflammatory functions, the localized recruitment of phagocytic cells to foci of microbial invasion represents a critical and first line host defense mechanism (5, 32, 49). Impaired leukocyte tissue mobilization has been demonstrated in human neo-, U risk for the development of severe pyogenic infections (5,19,37). Previous investigations in human neonates have demonstrated abnormalities in both the humoral and cellular contributions to leukocyte motility in vitro (5,22,25,27,3 1,33,36,46), but specific serum requirements for generation of chemotactic factors (chemotaxigenesis) by GBS have not been determined. The experiments described in this report were designed to study the chemotactic properties of type 111 GBS and to define chemotaxigenic requirements in human sera for this serotype. Methods were developed to evaluate selectively the functional importance of serum antibody (IgG) specific for native 111 capsular polysaccharide and complement in the generation of C5a by GBS in sera fro...

show abstract

Serum Immunoglobulin Levels in Premature and Full-term Infants

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Prevalence of Anti-Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibodies in French Infants under 15 Months of Age

Prevalence of Anti-Varicella-Zoster Virus Antibodies in French Infants under 15 Months of Age

IgG Subclasses and Antibodies to Group B Streptococci, Pneumococci, and Tetanus Toxoid in Preterm Neonates after Intravenous Infusion of Immunoglobulin to the Mothers

Impaired Chemotaxigenesis by Type III Group B Streptococci in Neonatal Sera: Relationship to Diminished Concentration of Specific Anticapsular Antibody and Abnormalities of Serum Complement

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About