Serum Immunoreactive Leptin Concentrations in a Canadian Aboriginal Population With High Rates of NIDDM

Hanley, Anthony J.; Harris, Stewart B.; Gao, Xia; Kwan, Janice; Zinman, B.

doi:10.2337/diacare.20.9.1408

Cited by 35 publications

(30 citation statements)

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“…In both First Nation and white women, as in other reports (19,20), leptin levels directly correlated with insulin resistance and body fat. However, despite significantly greater amounts of body fat in First Nation compared with white women, leptin levels were not significantly increased.…”

Section: The Contribution Of Adipose Tissue To Adipokine Levelssupporting

confidence: 59%

Ethnicity, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Adipokines in Women at High and Low Risk for Vascular Disease

et al. 2007

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OBJECTIVE -We sought to compare the relationship between body composition, insulin resistance, and inflammatory adipokines in Aboriginal Canadian women, who are at high risk of vascular disease, with white women. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS -A subgroup of the First Nations Bone HealthStudy population, consisting of 131 Aboriginal women and 132 matched white women, was utilized. Body composition was determined by whole-body dual X-ray absorptiometry, and blood analytes were measured after an overnight fast.RESULTS -After excluding individuals with diabetes, A1C, BMI, percent trunk fat, and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) were greater in First Nation women compared with white women, whereas adiponectin, retinol binding protein (RBP)4, and insulin-like growth factor binding protein-1 (IGFBP-1) were lower. First Nation women had more trunk fat for any given level of total fat than white women. There were no differences in resistin, leptin, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-␣, or C-reactive protein (CRP) levels between First Nation and white women. Insulin resistance correlated with leptin and inversely with adiponectin levels in both First Nation and white women. There were weak correlations between insulin resistance and TNF-␣, interleukin-6, and CRP, but these were not significant after correction for body fat. No correlation was found between RBP4 and insulin resistance. ANCOVA revealed a higher HOMA-IR adjusted for total body fat in First Nation women than in white women (P ϭ 0.015) but not HOMA-IR adjusted for trunk fat (P Ͼ 0.2).CONCLUSIONS -First Nation women are more insulin resistant than white women, and this is explained by trunk fat but not total fat. Despite the increased insulin resistance, inflammatory adipokines are not significantly increased in First Nation women compared with white women. Diabetes Care 30:286 -291, 2007A n increased prevalence of vascular disease in insulin-resistant states such as pre-diabetes, type 2 diabetes, and the metabolic syndrome has been long recognized (1). There is considerable debate whether insulin resistance is the primary event in atherosclerosis, with consequent activation of proinflammatory signaling pathways, or, alternatively, whether low-grade inflammation and subsequent insulin resistance accounts for the association of diabetes and vascular disease (2).Aboriginal Canadian populations, which include First Nation, Metis, and Inuit individuals (3), have an increased prevalence of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular and peripheral vascular disease (4,5). First Nations are Aboriginal individuals signatory to treaties and/or recognized by the Canadian Federal Government as a fiduciary responsibility and represent the large majority of Aboriginal individuals living in Canada (3). While type 2 diabetes is more prevalent among Canadian men than women in the general population, the reverse is true for the First Nation population (6,7). In the First Nation population, obesity is more prevalent among men than women, but the prevalence of metabolic ...

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Section: The Contribution Of Adipose Tissue To Adipokine Levelssupporting

confidence: 59%

Ethnicity, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Adipokines in Women at High and Low Risk for Vascular Disease

et al. 2007

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“…In addition, all skinfold and waist measures in Cree children were higher when compared with a sample of 7-to 11-year-old Native American children from Arizona (24). Central fat patterning, assessed by skinfold thickness or waist circumference measures, has been observed as a correlate of various disease risk factors, including elevated serum indicators of diabetes risk (25)(26)(27), blood pressure (23) and lipid levels (28). Half of the children met physical activity recommendations according to pedometer step counts (16).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obesity, adiposity, physical fitness and activity levels in cree children

Marshall

Willows

2006

International Journal of Circumpolar Health

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Objectives. To describe the levels of obesity, adiposity measures, physical activity and fitness in Cree children aged 9-12 years. Study Design. Cross-sectional survey. Methods. The study took place in northern Quebec, Canada. Height, body mass, waist circumference and five skinfold thicknesses were measured. Physical activity was assessed by having children wear a pedometer for two days. Children performed the 20-metre shuttle run test (SRT) to determine their physical fitness level. Results. Of 82 participating children, 33% were overweight (but not obese) and 38% were obese according to an international reference. The mean sum of five skinfold measures exceeded the 95th percentile of Canadian children. Compared with the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, the majority of children exceeded the 85th percentile for waist circumference (62%) and at the suprailiac (80%), subscapular (72%), and triceps (54%) skinfold sites. 90% of children scored below the 20th percentile in the SRT compared with normative data from Quebec children. Based on pedometer scores, only 49% of children were sufficiently active. Conclusions. There is a high prevalence of overweight and central adiposity in this population, with low physical activity and fitness levels. This profile may result in adverse health outcomes.

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“…An association between increased plasma leptin concentrations and glucose intolerance has been reported in normal-weight women [37] and related to an increased risk for developing of Type II diabetes [38]. Thus, the potential interaction between insulin secretion, insulin sensitivity and leptin still remains a matter for debate [31, 39±42].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Increased plasma leptin in gestational diabetes

Kautzky‐Willer

Pacini²,

Tura³

et al. 2001

Diabetologia

171

127

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Leptin, a polypeptide hormone originating from adipocytes, contributes to body weight control and provides negative feedback between adipose tissue and the hypothalamic satiety centre. In animal models, leptin decreases food intake but increases energy expenditure and body temperature [1±3]. Furthermore, it is found to be higher in women than in men [4] and to influence the reproductive function [5]. In humans plasma leptin is highly correlated with body fat Diabetologia (2001) Abstract Aims/hypothesis. Insulin resistance as well as marked changes in body weight and energy metabolism are associated with pregnancy. Its impact on plasma leptin is not known and was determined in this longitudinal study in both diabetic and normal pregnancy. Methods. At 28 gestational weeks plasma concentrations of leptin and B-cell hormones were measured at fasting and after an oral glucose load (OGTT:75 g) in women with gestational diabetes and pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance and compared with women who were not pregnant (C).Results. Plasma leptin (ng/ml) was higher (p < 0.001) in women with gestational diabetes (24.9 1.6) than in women with normal glucose tolerance (18.2 1.5) and increased in both groups when compared with the non-pregnant women (8.2 1.3; p < 0.0005). No change in plasma leptin concentrations was induced by OGTT in any group. Basal insulin release was higher (p < 0.05) in women with gestational diabetes compared with the pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance. Marked insulin resistance was confirmed by a 20 % lower (p < 0.05) insulin sensitivity in subgroup analysis and a decrease of almost 40 % in fasting glucose/insulin ratio (p < 0.005) in women with gestational diabetes. Leptin correlated in women with gestational diabetes with basal plasma concentrations of glucose (p < 0.02), insulin (p < 0.004) and proinsulin (p < 0.01) as well as with BMI (p < 0.001) and overall pregnancy induced maternal weight gain (p < 0.009). With normalisation of blood glucose 8 weeks after delivery in women with gestational diabetes their plasma leptin decreased (p < 0.0005) to 17.3 1.9 ng/ml but did not completely normalize (p < 0.05 vs non-pregnant women). Conclusion/interpretation. Our data show that women with gestational diabetes without any change in plasma leptin upon oral glucose loading have increased plasma leptin concentrations during and after pregnancy, a clear association of plasma leptin with the respective concentration of glucose and insulin resistance as well as with changes in body weight, and a failure to normalize spontaneously BMI to the same extent as pregnant women with normal glucose tolerance when compared with matched control subjects. [Diabetologia (2001) 44: 164±172]

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Serum Immunoreactive Leptin Concentrations in a Canadian Aboriginal Population With High Rates of NIDDM

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

Ethnicity, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Adipokines in Women at High and Low Risk for Vascular Disease

Ethnicity, Insulin Resistance, and Inflammatory Adipokines in Women at High and Low Risk for Vascular Disease

Obesity, adiposity, physical fitness and activity levels in cree children

Increased plasma leptin in gestational diabetes

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