Serum Interleukin-19 Levels in Acne Vulgaris Patients of Varying Clinical Severity in Erbil City

Abstract

Background Acne vulgaris (AV) is a common multifactorial disorder affecting the pilosebaceous units. Research has shown that inflammation plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of AV, including both inflammatory and non-inflammatory acne. Several studies have linked proinflammatory cytokines to AV; however, only a few have explored the correlation between interleukin-19 (IL-19) and AV. Our aim is to estimate the level of IL-19 in patients with AV compared to matched controls and to investigate the role of IL-19 in the pathogenesis of acne. Materials and methods This prospective cross-sectional case and control study includes 80 patients and 40 matched controls. Patients were divided into mild (20), moderate (40), and severe (20) groups based on their global acne score severity index. Detailed history and complete general and dermatological examinations were taken from each patient. Furthermore, 5 ml of blood was taken from all participants to assess the level of IL-19. Results IL-19 levels were significantly higher in patients with AV compared to matched controls. Furthermore, IL-19 concentrations were found to be proportional to the severity of acne, with the highest levels detected in patients with severe AV (p-value <0.005). Conclusion IL-19 levels in AV were significantly higher than in matched control. The difference was proportional to its severity. This might indicate IL-19 as an inflammatory marker and could potentially be related to AV.