Serum Irisin and Oxytocin Levels as Predictors of Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children

Binay, Çiğdem; Paketçi, Cem; Güzel, Savaş; Samanci, Nedim

doi:10.4274/jcrpe.3963

Cited by 40 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…The notion that elevated body fat impairs the glucoregulatory efficacy of oxytocin relates to the question of endogenous oxytocin release in metabolic disorders. While lower oxytocin concentrations were found in obese compared with normal‐weight adults and children, oxytocin levels have also been found to be proportional to body weight . In a large sample of men with metabolic syndrome, oxytocin concentrations were elevated compared with healthy controls, whereas the obese subjects of the present experiment displayed lower baseline oxytocin levels than their lean counterparts.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

“…In a large sample of men with metabolic syndrome, oxytocin concentrations were elevated compared with healthy controls, whereas the obese subjects of the present experiment displayed lower baseline oxytocin levels than their lean counterparts. Decreased oxytocin concentrations were reported in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus, suggesting a certain degree of oxytocin deficiency in diabetic patients . However, our preliminary finding of a positive relationship between HOMA‐IR and baseline oxytocin concentrations in the obese subjects argues against this assumption.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Decreased oxytocin concentrations were reported in patients with metabolic syndrome or diabetes mellitus, 10,11,15,16 suggesting a certain degree of oxytocin deficiency in diabetic patients. 1 However, our preliminary finding of a positive relationship between HOMA-IR and baseline oxytocin concentrations in the obese subjects argues against this assumption.…”

Section: Counter-regulatory Hormones Nefa Energy Expenditure and mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The obese subjects of the present study also had a more pronounced insulin resistance than overweight subjects who displayed oxytocin-induced decreases in insulin concentrations in a study by Lawson and colleagues 3 (HOMA-IR, 3.7 AE 1.7 vs. 2.1 AE 0.4).The notion that elevated body fat impairs the glucoregulatory efficacy of oxytocin relates to the question of endogenous oxytocin release in metabolic disorders. While lower oxytocin concentrations were found in obese compared with normal-weight adults 10 and children,11 oxytocin levels have also been found to be proportional to Counterregulatory hormones. Mean AE SEM plasma or serum concentrations of (A) ACTH, (B) cortisol and (C) glucagon at baseline and after administration of 24 IU oxytocin (black circles) or placebo (white circles).…”

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Intranasal oxytocin fails to acutely improve glucose metabolism in obese men

Brede

Fehr

Man

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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The hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin not only modulates psychosocial function, but also contributes to metabolic regulation. We have recently shown that intranasal oxytocin acutely improves beta-cell responsivity and glucose tolerance in normal-weight men. In the present experiment, we investigated the acute glucoregulatory impact of oxytocin in obese men with impaired insulin sensitivity. Fifteen obese healthy men with an average body mass index of 35 kg/m and an average body fat content of 33% received a single intranasal dose (24 IU) of oxytocin before undergoing an oral glucose tolerance test. Results were analysed according to the oral minimal model and compared with our findings in normal-weight participants. In contrast to the results in normal-weight subjects, oxytocin did not blunt postprandial glucose and insulin excursions in obese men, and moreover failed to enhance beta-cell responsivity and glucose tolerance. These results indicate that pronounced obesity may be associated with a certain degree of resistance to the glucoregulatory impact of exogenous oxytocin, and underlines the need for further investigations into the potential of oxytocin to improve glucose homeostasis in the clinical context.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 42%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 68%

Section: Counter-regulatory Hormones Nefa Energy Expenditure and mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 95%

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Intranasal oxytocin fails to acutely improve glucose metabolism in obese men

Brede

Fehr

Man

et al. 2018

Diabetes Obesity Metabolism

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show abstract

“…Therefore, it was not clear if the observed difference in oxytocin was due to obesity per se . In fact, subgroup analyses in the same study revealed that the children and adolescents with obesity and metabolic syndrome had significantly lower fasting oxytocin compared with those that had obesity without metabolic syndrome , supporting the notion that dysglycaemia may be a key factor in the lowering of plasma oxytocin concentrations in obesity.…”

Section: Alterations In the Oxytocin System In Obesity And Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 77%

Oxytocin in metabolic homeostasis: implications for obesity and diabetes management

2018

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Summary Oxytocin was once understood solely as a neuropeptide with a central role in social bonding, reproduction, parturition, lactation and appetite regulation. Recent evidence indicates that oxytocin enhances glucose uptake and lipid utilization in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle, suggesting that dysfunction of the oxytocin system could underlie the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and dyslipidaemia. Murine studies revealed that deficiencies in oxytocin signalling and oxytocin receptor expression lead to obesity despite normal food intake, motor activity and increased leptin levels. In addition, plasma oxytocin concentration is notably lower in obese individuals with diabetes, which may suggest an involvement of the oxytocin system in the pathogenesis of cardiometabolic disease. More recently, small scale studies demonstrated that intranasal administration of oxytocin was associated with significant weight loss as well as improvements in insulin sensitivity and pancreatic β‐cell responsivity in human subjects. The multi‐pronged effects of oxytocin signalling on improving peripheral insulin sensitivity, pancreatic function and lipid homeostasis strongly suggest a role for this system as a therapeutic target in obesity and diabetes management. The complexity of obesity aetiology and the pathogenesis of obesity‐related metabolic complications underscore the need for a systems approach to better understand the role of oxytocin in metabolic function.

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Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels

Schaalan

Ramadan

Elwahab

2018

Journal Cellular Physiology

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The recent appreciation of the energy burning capacity of brown adipose tissue turns it to an attractive target for anti-obesity therapy. We sought to evaluate the effect of L-carnosine on browning of white adipose tissue in exercised obese rats. Sixty adult male Wistar albino rats, 7-8 week-old weighing 130-150 g, were allocated into six groups; with 10 rats in each, for an experimentation period of 12 weeks: (i) normal control rats fed a standard fat diet (SFD/control), (ii) normal control rats fed a standard diet and injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg, i.p,) for 6 weeks (SFD/CAR), (iii) high-fat diet (HFD)-induced obese rats for 12 weeks, (iv) HFD rats subjected to exercise training (HFD/EXE) for 6 weeks, (v) HFD rats injected with L-carnosine (250 mg/kg,i.p.) for 6 weeks (HFD/CAR) and, (vi) HFD rats subjected to exercise training and L-carnosine (HFD/EXE/CAR). At the end of the 12-week-experiment, the body weights and the serum levels of lipid profile, oxidative stress, and inflammatory markers as well as circulating myokines were investigated. Gastrocnemius muscles and inguinal adipose tissues were excised for the measurement of gene expression of muscle irisin, adipose tissue uncoupling protein1 (UCP1), CD137 and the protein level of p38MAPK. In addition, histopathological examination for the studied groups was performed. Both exercise training for 6 weeks and carnosine treatment significantly decreased body weight gain, ameliorated obesity-induced dyslipidemia, reduced the thiobarbituric acid reactive species (TBARS) and TNF-α, while increased total antioxidant capacity and IL-10. Furthermore, increases in serum irisin levels and the expression of adipose uncoupling protein-1 (UCP-1), adipose CD137, p38 MAPK, and muscular fibronectin type III domain-containing protein 5(FNDC5), the precursor of irisin gene expression, were correlated with these carnosine- and exercise-induced physiological improvements. The highest improvement was evident in the combined exercise and carnosine group which indicates that their beneficial effects in obese animals were synergistic. These findings suggest that L-carnosine may induce browning of adipose tissue through irisin stimulation, a phenomenon that could be related to its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity effects.

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Serum Irisin and Oxytocin Levels as Predictors of Metabolic Parameters in Obese Children

Cited by 40 publications

References 53 publications

Intranasal oxytocin fails to acutely improve glucose metabolism in obese men

Intranasal oxytocin fails to acutely improve glucose metabolism in obese men

Oxytocin in metabolic homeostasis: implications for obesity and diabetes management

Synergistic effect of carnosine on browning of adipose tissue in exercised obese rats; a focus on circulating irisin levels

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