Serum levels of anti‑sperm‑associated antigen 9 antibody are elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Ren, Baizhao; Zou, Guoying; Xu, Fei; Huang, Yiran; Xu, Guofeng; He, Junyu; Yong, Li; Zhu, Hongli; Yu, Ping

doi:10.3892/ol.2017.7152

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 47 publications

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“…For instance, the levels of anti-sperm-associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) antibodies were significantly higher compared with those in patients with hepatitis/cirrhosis or healthy controls. When combined with anti-SPAG9 antibodies and α-fetoprotein (AFP) levels, the diagnostic specificity and sensitivity were further improved [ 55 ].…”

Section: Cancer Auto-antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies: Roles, Applications and Open Issues

Jonge

Iamele

Maggi

et al. 2021

Cancers

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Auto-antibodies are classically associated with autoimmune diseases, where they are an integral part of diagnostic panels. However, recent evidence is accumulating on the presence of auto-antibodies against single or selected panels of auto-antigens in many types of cancer. Auto-antibodies might initially represent an epiphenomenon derived from the inflammatory environment induced by the tumor. However, their effect on tumor evolution can be crucial, as is discussed in this paper. It has been demonstrated that some of these auto-antibodies can be used for early detection and cancer staging, as well as for monitoring of cancer regression during treatment and follow up. Interestingly, certain auto-antibodies were found to promote cancer progression and metastasis, while others contribute to the body’s defense against it. Moreover, auto-antibodies are of a polyclonal nature, which means that often several antibodies are involved in the response to a single tumor antigen. Dissection of these antibody specificities is now possible, allowing their identification at the genetic, structural, and epitope levels. In this review, we report the evidence available on the presence of auto-antibodies in the main cancer types and discuss some of the open issues that still need to be addressed by the research community.

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Section: Cancer Auto-antibodiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies: Roles, Applications and Open Issues

Jonge

Iamele

Maggi

et al. 2021

Cancers

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“…Early diagnosis of HCC offers patients a better chance for long-term survival[ 5 ]. Although imaging technologies such as magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography, and serum biomarkers [notably α-fetoprotein (AFP)] are widely used to diagnose HCC in the clinic[ 6 ], they are far from satisfactory because they lack sensitivity and specificity[ 7 ]. Therefore, there is an urgent and unmet desire for novel screening methods and new biomarkers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Establishment of a pattern recognition metabolomics model for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Zhou

Sun

Shao

et al. 2020

WJG

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BACKGROUND Early diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma may help to ensure that patients have a chance for long-term survival; however, currently available biomarkers lack sensitivity and specificity. AIM To characterize the serum metabolome of hepatocellular carcinoma in order to develop a new metabolomics diagnostic model and identifying novel biomarkers for screening hepatocellular carcinoma based on the pattern recognition method. METHODS Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-mass spectroscopy was used to characterize the serum metabolome of hepatocellular carcinoma ( n = 30) and cirrhosis ( n = 29) patients, followed by sequential feature selection combined with linear discriminant analysis to process the multivariate data. RESULTS The concentrations of most metabolites, including proline, were lower in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma, whereas the hydroxypurine levels were higher in these patients. As ordinary analysis models failed to discriminate hepatocellular carcinoma from cirrhosis, pattern recognition analysis was used to establish a pattern recognition model that included hydroxypurine and proline. The leave-one-out cross-validation accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis were 95.00% and 0.90 [95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.81-0.99] for the training set, respectively, and 78.95% and 0.84 (95%CI: 0.67-1.00) for the validation set, respectively. In contrast, for α-fetoprotein, the accuracy and area under the receiver operating characteristic curve were 65.00% and 0.69 (95%CI: 0.52-0.86) for the training set, respectively, and 68.42% and 0.68 (95%CI: 0.41-0.94) for the validation set, respectively. The Z test revealed that the area under the curve of the linear discriminant analysis model was significantly higher than the area under the curve of α-fetoprotein ( P < 0.05) in both the training and validation sets. CONCLUSION Hydroxypurine and proline might be novel biomarkers for hepatocellular carcinoma, and this disease could be diagnosed by the metabolomics model based on pattern recognition.

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“…Recently, sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) has been shown to be expressed in various cancer types such as epithelial ovarian cancer (EOC-90%) [13], renal cell carcinoma (RCC-88%) [14], colorectal cancer (74%) [15], breast cancer (88%) [16] and cervical cancer (82%) [17]. Studies on SPAG9 also showed that it is associated with cellular proliferation, migration and invasion of cancer cells [18][19][20][21], and is capable of eliciting humoral immune responses in a majority of epithelial ovarian cancers (67%) [13], breast cancers (80%) [16], cervical cancers (80%) [17], renal cell carcinoma (77%) [14], colorectal cancer (74%) [15] and hepatocellular carcinoma [22]. However its antigenicity in invoking a cell mediated immune response has not been studied until now.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dendritic cells matured with recombinant human sperm associated antigen 9 (rhSPAG9) induce CD4+, CD8+ T cells and activate NK cells: A potential candidate molecule for immunotherapy in cervical cancer

Dhandapani

Jayakumar

Seetharaman

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background Dendritic cell (DC)-based immunotherapy is capable of activating the immune system, and in particular tumour-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) to eradicate the tumour. However, major limitations are the availability of autologous tumour cells as antigenic source and the selection of antigen that may have potential to activate both CD8 + and CD4 + T cells in immune-specific manner. Recently, we reported the expression of sperm associated antigen 9 (SPAG9) that is associated with various types of malignancies including cervical cancer. We examined the recombinant human SPAG9 (rhSPAG9) as an antigenic source for generating efficient DCs to stimulate CD4 + and CD8 + T cell responses for future DCs-based vaccine trials in cervical cancer patients. Methods Human monocytes derived DCs were pulsed with different concentrations (250 ng/ml to 1000 ng/ml) of recombinant human SPAG9 (rhSPAG9) and evaluated for their phenotypic and functional ability. Subsequently, the efficacy of DCs primed with 750 ng/ml of rhSPAG9 (SPDCs) was compared with DCs primed with autologous tumour lysate (TLDCs), to induce CD4+, CD8 + T cells and activating NK cells. In addition, we investigated the effect of the chemotherapeutic drug cisplatin on phenotypic and functional potential of SPDCs. Results Phenotypic and functional characterization of DCs pulsed with 750 ng/ml rhSPAG9 was found to be optimal and effective for priming DCs. SPDCs were also capable of stimulating allogeneic CD4 + and CD8 + T cells similar to TLDCs. SPDCs showed a statistically insignificant increase in the expression of maturation marker CD83 and migration towards CCL19 and CCL21 compared with TLDCs (CD83 p = 0.4; for migration p = 0.2). In contrast, TLDCs showed better proliferation and secretion of Th1 cytokines (IL12p40, IL12p70 and IFNγ) compared to SPDCs, but this was also not statistically significant (IL12p40, p = 0.06). We also found that clinical dose of cisplatin (200 µM) treated SPDCs were able to stimulate the proliferation of cytotoxic T lymphocytes without increasing the FOXP3+Tregs in autologous co-cultures. Conclusions This is the first report to suggest that rhSPAG9 is an effective antigen for pulsing DCs that are capable of eliciting a potent Th1 response which, in turn, may help in decreasing the tumour burden when used along with a cisplatin based combinatorial regimen for therapeutic intervention. This strategy provides an insight to consider rhSPAG9 as a strong immunogen for DC-based immunotherapy for cervical cancer.

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Serum levels of anti‑sperm‑associated antigen 9 antibody are elevated in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies: Roles, Applications and Open Issues

Anti-Cancer Auto-Antibodies: Roles, Applications and Open Issues

Establishment of a pattern recognition metabolomics model for the diagnosis of hepatocellular carcinoma

Dendritic cells matured with recombinant human sperm associated antigen 9 (rhSPAG9) induce CD4+, CD8+ T cells and activate NK cells: A potential candidate molecule for immunotherapy in cervical cancer

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