Serum levels of galectin-1, galectin-3, and galectin-9 are associated with large artery atherosclerotic stroke

Abstract

The aim of this study was to assess the expression patterns of serum galectin-1 (Gal-1), galectin-3 (Gal-3), galectin-9 (Gal-9), and galectin-3 binding protein (Gal-3BP) and their associations with stroke outcome in large artery atherosclerotic (LAA) stroke. The serum levels of Gal-1, Gal-3, Gal-9, and Gal-3BP were measured by ELISA in 130 patients with LAA stroke and 130 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum samples were collected from the patients on day 1, day 6, and in the 4th week after ischaemic stroke (IS). An unfavourable outcome was defined as a modified Rankin Scale score of >2 on day 90 after IS. Our results indicated that the Gal-3 and Gal-9 levels were higher in patients with LAA stroke than in controls. A higher Gal-3 level was independently associated with an unfavourable outcome both on day 1 and day 6 after IS. In addition, Gal-9 and Gal-1 levels were upregulated on day 6 and in the 4th week after IS, respectively. For Gal-3BP, no difference was detected between patients and controls and no predictive value was found in patients. In conclusion, these findings suggest that the serum levels of Gal-1, Gal-3, and Gal-9 may be associated with LAA stroke.

Endophilin-A3 and Galectin-8 control the clathrin-independent endocytosis of CD166

“…This observation is consistent with previously published concentration ranges of exogenous Gal3 required to rescue the uptake of CD44 on Gal3depleted cells 33 . These nanomolar concentrations are also in line with the amount of Gal8 and other galectins found in the serum of healthy individuals and cancer patients 37,38 . Together, these data demonstrate that the endocytosis of CD166 is dependent on Gal8 and glycosphingolipids, a typical feature of endocytic processes that operate according to the GL-Lect hypothesis.…”

A Multi-omic Association Study of Trimethylamine N-Oxide

“…Several proteins from the galectin family were found to be significantly correlated with TMAO, including galectin-9 and galectin-3 (r = 0.18, p < 10 À3 ; r = 0.12, p < 0.05, respectively), which were both shown to be higher in the serum of atherosclerotic stroke patients compared to controls (He et al, 2017). Additional significantly associated proteins were adrenomedullin (r = 0.18, p < 10 À3 ), a protein reported to be higher in patients suffering from cardiovascular or kidney disease (Bunton et al, 2004;Ishimitsu et al, 1994), and kidney injury molecule 1 (r = 0.17, p < 10 À2 ), a protein that has been shown to be induced in experimental kidney injury and in biopsies of renal disease (van Timmeren et al, 2007;Waanders et al, 2010).…”

Galectin-3: One Molecule for an Alphabet of Diseases, from A to Z

“…Gal-3, therefore, appears to be a crucial mediator of the GI damage observed after brain injuries, directly at the level of enteric neuronal cells and it may represent a potential new target for the treatment of post-stroke gastrointestinal complications. In this regard, it has been recently reported that elevated serum levels of Gal-3 correlates with poor outcome after acute heart failure and high Gal-3 values are observed in heart failure patients with a history of stroke [ 231 ].…”