Serum levels of IL-1beta, TNF-alpha, IL-8, and acute phase proteins in seronegative spondyloarthropathies

Arterial stiffness indexes and serum cytokine levels in seronegative spondyloarthritis: relationships between stiffness markers and metabolic and immunoinflammatory variables

“…No significant difference in interferon (IFN)-γ levels was found. However, several trials no found increased levels of other serum pro-inflammatory or antiinflammatory cytokines in SpA (12)(13)(14)(15).…”

“…Several studies (12)(13)(14) have shown that TNF-α levels are raised at baseline in patients with SpA. Gratacos et al (15) showed that TNF-α and IL-6 levels were raised in patients with AS compared with patients with non-inflammatory back pain.…”

Absence of a classically activated macrophage cytokine signature in peripheral spondylarthritis, including psoriatic arthritis

“…Most studies have focused on T helper cytokines, consistently demonstrating an impaired IFN␥ signature in SpA T cells (27)(28)(29)(30). With regard to macrophage-derived mediators, only a limited number of studies have analyzed serum levels of proinflammatory cytokines in SpA, indicating an increase in IL-6 and TNF␣, but not IL-1␤, in SpA patients as compared with healthy controls (31)(32)(33). Of interest, this profile appeared to be more pronounced in patients with peripheral arthritis than in those with pure axial SpA (26).…”

Effects of high-dose corticosteroids on post-traumatic inflammatory mediators

“…In general, the levels of inflammatory cytokines are raised [1][2][3], and there is evidence that the inflammation is at least partly mediated by tumour necrosis factor (TNF) a and interleukin (IL) 6, as high levels of these cytokines have been found in biopsies from the sacroiliac joints of the patients [4,5]. Also, elevated serum levels of TNF-a have been shown to correlate with disease activity [6,7], and a significant reduction in spinal inflammation has been shown after treatment with anti-TNF-a agents [8][9][10].…”