Serum Levels of Interleukin-2 in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Relationship with Clinical Type and Duration of the Disease

Kasumagić-Halilovic, Emina; Čavaljuga, Semra; Ovčina-Kurtović, Nermina; Zecevic, Lamija

doi:10.1159/000486462

Cited by 19 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(13 reference statements)

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“…IL-8 was significantly reduced (P < 0Á05) in AA (3Á37 pg mL À1 , 95% CI 3Á00-3Á75) compared with HCs (4Á28 pg mL À1 , 95% CI 3Á5-5Á0). Despite previous reports 14,39 we observed no change in levels of IFN-c between patients with AA and HCs, likely due to the high IFN-c expression observed in a small number of our HC samples. In addition, no change was observed in the levels of IL-15 or IL-12p40 between patients with AA and HCs.…”

Section: Circulating Levels Of Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Increasecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease‐associated psychological morbidity

et al. 2019

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Summary Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a common autoimmune disease, causing patchy hair loss that can progress to involve the entire scalp (totalis) or body (universalis). CD8+NKG2D+ T cells dominate hair follicle pathogenesis, but the specific mechanisms driving hair loss are not fully understood. Objectives To provide a detailed insight into the systemic cytokine signature associated with AA, and to assess the association between cytokines and depression. Methods We conducted multiplex analysis of plasma cytokines from patients with AA, patients with psoriatic arthritis (PsA) and healthy controls. We used the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) to assess the occurrence of depression and anxiety in our cohort. Results Our analysis identified a systemic inflammatory signature associated with AA, characterized by elevated levels of interleukin (IL)‐17A, IL‐17F, IL‐21 and IL‐23 indicative of a type 17 immune response. Circulating levels of the type 2 cytokines IL‐33, IL‐31 and IL‐17E (IL‐25) were also significantly increased in AA. In comparison with PsA, AA was associated with higher levels of IL‐17F, IL‐17E and IL‐23. We hypothesized that circulating inflammatory cytokines may contribute to wider comorbidities associated with AA. Our assessment of psychiatric comorbidity in AA using HADS scores showed that 18% and 51% of people with AA experienced symptoms of depression and anxiety, respectively. Using linear regression modelling, we identified that levels of IL‐22 and IL‐17E are positively and significantly associated with depression. Conclusions Our data highlight changes in both type 17 and type 2 cytokines among people with AA, suggesting that complex systemic cytokine profiles may contribute both to the pathogenesis of AA and to the associated depression. What's already known about this topic? NKG2D+CD8+ T cells cause hair loss in alopecia areata (AA) but the immunological mechanisms underlying the disease are not fully understood. AA is associated with changes in levels of interleukin (IL)‐6, tumour necrosis factor‐α, IL‐1β and type 17 cytokines. Psychiatric comorbidity is common among people with AA. What does this study add? People with AA have increased plasma levels of the type 2 cytokines IL‐33, IL‐31 and IL‐17E (IL‐25), in addition to the type 17 cytokines IL‐17A, IL‐21, IL‐23 and IL‐17F. Levels of IL‐17E and IL‐22 positively predict depression score. What is the translational message? AA is associated with increased levels of multiple inflammatory cytokines, implicating both type 17‐ and type 2 immune pathways. Our data indicate that therapeutic strategies for treating AA may need to address the underlying type 17‐ and type 2 immune dysregulation, rather than focusing narrowly on the CD8+ T‐cell response. An immunological mechanism might contribute directly to the depression observed in people with AA.

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Section: Circulating Levels Of Proinflammatory Cytokines Are Increasecontrasting

confidence: 99%

Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease‐associated psychological morbidity

et al. 2019

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“…IL-2 is a cytokine playing a role in immune memory with a proven relationship with autoimmune conditions, and the use of IL-2 or its receptors in immunotherapy is debatable. 14 Kasumagić-Halilovic et al 15 found higher IL-2 levels in AA patients as compared to that of the controls. No correlation was found between IL-2 levels and clinical type of AA or disease duration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Evaluation of the level of serum Interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-15 andIL-17) and its relationship with disease severity in patients with alopecia areata

Aşkın

Yücesoy

Coşkun

et al. 2021

Anais Brasileiros de Dermatologia

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Background Alopecia areata (AA) is a hair disease that causes hair loss without scarring. The etiopathogenesis of AA has not been fully understood yet. Objective To determine serum interleukin levels (IL-2, IL-4, IL-15, and IL-17) in patients diagnosed with alopecia areata and to investigate the relationship of IL levels with the duration and severity of alopecia areata and the response to tofacitinib therapy. Methods Patients (≥16 years old) diagnosed with alopecia areata and healthy individuals as a control group was enrolled. Baseline serum interleukin levels of the patients and controls were measured. In the patient group receiving tofacitinib therapy, serum interleukin levels were measured again after 6 months. Disease severity for alopecia areata was assessed using the Severity of Alopecia Tool. Results Sixty-one AA patients and 30 healthy individuals were included; they were comparable regarding age and sex. The mean disease duration for AA was 7 ± 6 years and the baseline mean Severity of Alopecia Tool score was 71 ± 30 (range, 20–100). Baseline IL-2, IL-4 and IL-15 levels were significantly higher in the patient group than those in the control group (p < 0.001 for each). No significant correlation was found between the baseline interleukin levels and either disease duration or disease severity (baseline Severity of Alopecia Tool score). Among the patients receiving tofacitinib (n = 22), all interleukin levels significantly decreased after treatment. However, no significant relationship between the change in interleukin levels and the change in the Severity of Alopecia Tool scores was observed after tofacitinib treatment. Study limitations This is a monocentric study conducted in a single university hospital. Conclusion High interleukin levels in alopecia areata patients and the significant decrease with treatment support the idea that interleukins have a role in pathogenesis. Nevertheless, no relationship could be demonstrated between IL levels and disease duration or severity.

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“…IgE recognizes exogenous antigens and signals through Fcɛ receptors (FcɛRs), including FcɛR I and FcɛR II, triggering an immunologic response. Moreover, it has been found that the levels of serum IgE significantly increase in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, alopecia areata and other autoimmune disease [18,19].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High Serum IgE Concentration in Patients with Psoriasis

Zheng¹

2017

CRDOA

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Serum Levels of Interleukin-2 in Patients with Alopecia Areata: Relationship with Clinical Type and Duration of the Disease

Cited by 19 publications

References 19 publications

Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease‐associated psychological morbidity

Alopecia areata is characterized by dysregulation in systemic type 17 and type 2 cytokines, which may contribute to disease‐associated psychological morbidity

Evaluation of the level of serum Interleukins (IL-2, IL-4, IL-15 andIL-17) and its relationship with disease severity in patients with alopecia areata

High Serum IgE Concentration in Patients with Psoriasis

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