Serum lipid and apolipoprotein profiles in newborns and six‐year‐old children: The Tallinn Young Family Study

Abstract

Seventy children aged 6 years (34 boys, 36 girls) were studied for cardiovascular risk factors. Among the children 40 had also been investigated at birth. The aim of the study was to determine changes in serum lipoprotein parameters from birth up to preschool age and to assess the role of some relevant factors that might affect the process. An obvious association was found between serum apolipoprotein (apo) B levels, the apoB/apoA-I ratio and lipoprotein(a) (Lp(a)) levels at birth and at 6 years of age (r = 0.43; p<0.05, r = 0.73; p<0.0001 and r = 0.81; p<0.0001, respectively). Thirty percent of children who were in the top quartile by apoB or total cholesterol levels and 66.7% of those in this quartile by apoB/apoA-I ratio at birth remained in the top quartiles also in the follow-up study. The significantly higher apoB/apoA-I ratio in newborns and the apoB/apoA-I and apoB values in the 6-year-old children were observed in the carrier apoE4 isoform as compared to E3 homozygotes. A significant influence of apoE polymorphism on serum apoB/apoA-I ratio and apoB level in preschool children was confirmed by ANOVA one-way analysis of variance. In a multiple regression analysis from all the studied factors, the independent determinants of apoB level in preschool age were apoE phenotype, gestational age and Apgar score in the first minute of life. Thus, tracking of serum Lp(a), apoB, apoB/apoA-I ratio and total cholesterol levels from birth up to 6 years of age was demonstrated. The association between apoE polymorphism and serum lipoprotein parameters became more obvious after the first 6 years of life.

Determinants of ApoB, ApoA1, and the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio in healthy schoolgirls, prospectively studied from mean ages 10 to 19 years: the Cincinnati National Growth and Health Study

“…Since black–white differences in the ApoB/ApoA1 ratio, ApoB, and ApoA1 track during childhood and from adolescence to young adulthood [58–60], they should protect against CVD in adult black women. Within this frame of reference, Lee et al have reported that the overall rate for fatal and nonfatal definite myocardial infarction was lower in blacks than in whites in the Community Cardiovascular Surveillance Program [61].…”

Polimorfismo genético de la apolipoproteína E en un grupo de escolares del centro-oriente colombiano: comparación con las concentraciones plasmáticas de lípidos y apolipoproteínas

“…El grupo de edad de 9 a 10 años presentó diferencias estadísticamente significativas únicamente en la ApoB-100, con las concentraciones más bajas en el genotipo E; Kurvinen et al encontraron esta misma relación en niños de seis años (40). El efecto del polimorfismo de la ApoE únicamente sobre la apolipoproteína B-100 puede indicar el inicio de los cambios en las lipoproteínas que contienen esta apoliproteína como las LDL, VLDL y remanentes de lipoproteínas, lo que puede llegar a afectar el metabolismo lipídico desde muy temprana edad.…”

Serum lipid and apolipoprotein levels in 4-year-old children are associated with parental levels and track over time

“…A higher intake of SAFA at 10-14 months and 15-18 months was associated with higher apo B/apo A-1 ratios, and a higher intake of MUFA and PUFA was associated with lower apo B/apo A-1 ratios at 4 years of age. To our knowledge, few studies have examined associations between dietary patterns and apo B/apo A-1 ratios (Kurvinen et al, 2005); more surveys should be performed. Another finding of our study was tracking of serum lipids from infancy to early childhood.…”