Serum Lycopene, Other Carotenoids, and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Nested Case-Control Study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Peters, Ulrike; Leitzmann, Michael F.; Chatterjee, Nilanjan; Wang, Yinghui; Albanês, Demetrius; Gelmann, Edward P.; Friesen, Marlin D.; Riboli, Elio; Hayes, Richard B.

doi:10.1158/1055-9965.epi-06-0861

Cited by 154 publications

(125 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Most of the studies decreased risk with increased intake (www.dietandcancerreport.org). 61 A large nested case-control study in the prostate, lung, colorectal, and ovarian cancer screening study including 692 PCa cases 62 and the recently published Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial 13 including 9,559 participants found no correlation between lycopene and the incidence of PCa. Because chemoprevention is probably most effective in the early stages of PCa, the next study carried out with lycopene in the treatment of HGPIN is worth mentioning.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with nutrients and supplements

Poppel¹,

Tombal²

2011

CMAR

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Abstract:As the adult population is increasing, prostate cancer (PCa) will become a considerable health problem in the next millennium. This has raised public interest in potential chemoprevention of this disease. As PCa is extremely common and generally slow to progress it is regarded as an ideal candidate for chemoprevention. At present, the 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors finasteride and dutasteride have been identified as preventive agents. This review describes whether selenium, alpha-tocopherol, isoflavones, lycopene green tea polyphenols, calcium, and resveratrol may be useful for decreasing the risk of PCa in men. Although encouraging results are present, some studies show negative results. Differences in study design, sample size, dose administered, and/or concentrations achieved in the body may be the reason for these inconsistencies. Today, chemopreventive agents may be appropriate for high-risk patients like those with high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and other high-risk groups such as patients with elevated prostate specific antigen (PSA) and negative biopsy, rapid PSA velocity, and with a family history of PCa. Although larger randomized controlled studies are needed and epidemiologic evidence should be placed in a clinical context, physicians must be aware of these preventive opportunities in PCa care. Combinations of chemopreventive agents should be carefully investigated because mechanisms of action may be additive or synergistic.

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confidence: 99%

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with nutrients and supplements

Poppel¹,

Tombal²

2011

CMAR

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“…Lipoproteins carry the lycopene molecules into the plasma, from where they are distributed to their target organs [97]. Maximal concentrations have been found in the testes, prostate, adrenal glands and liver [98].…”

Section: Bioavailability and Metabolism Of Lycopenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many lifestyle factors, like smoking, consumption of alcohol, blood lipid levels, and also biological factors, such as age or hormonal status, have an influence on the absorption of lycopene [98]. Studies have also shown that absorption from processed tomato products is better than from raw tomatoes.…”

Section: Bioavailability and Metabolism Of Lycopenementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the literature, there are plenty of epidemiological studies [95][96][97][98] analysing the effects of tomato-based products on prostate cancer, but research that specifically investigates lycopene supplementation is limited. Most of the published studies have a low level of evidence, and there is only a limited number of published randomized clinical trials [99].…”

Section: Lycopene For the Prevention And Therapy Of Prostate Cancer: mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Investigation of the Potential Anticancer Effects of Lycopene in Tissue Engineered In vitro and In vivo Models

Holzapfel¹

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Lycopene, primarily found in tomatoes and tomato-based products, is a phytochemical belonging to the group of carotenoids. Being an excellent antioxidant, it has proven to exert manyfold effects against chronic diseases, such as coronary heart disease or different types of cancer. Most studies investigating anti-cancer effects of lycopene have focused on prostate cancer so far. Within this context, it has been shown that the anti-cancer effects of lycopene are based on its anti-proliferative, anti-migrative, or anti-invasive properties, as well as on its potential to interfere in gap-junctional communication, to induce apoptosis and cell-cycle arrest, and to reduce oxidative DNA damage. The first step of this PhD work comprised the write up of an extensive literature review about lycopene´s molecular mechanisms and clinical effects on prostate cancer. This review summarizes in detail published in vitro, in vivo, and also clinical studies about lycopenes role in prostate cancer treatment and prevention. Based on these studies, it became clear that most of the in vitro and also in vivo data suggest a chemopreventive activity of lycopene against prostate cancer, but that the data is also in large parts inconcistent throughout the literature. In addition, there is still no clearly proven clinical evidence that supports therapeutic or preventive use of lycopene. Further literature search revealed that apart from prostate cancer, there is only few data concerning the usage of lycopene in the treatment and prevention of other cancer entities, such as ovarian cancer so far.For this reason, in order to harmize the data on prostate cancer and to extend the research into the direction of breast and ovarian cancer, we analysed the effects of lycopene in vitro on PC-3 and LNCaP prostate cancer cells, MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells, and OV-MZ-6 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells using both, a two-, as iii well as a three-dimensional tissue culture approach. These studies revealed significantly reduced cell viability upon treatment with lycopene at physiologically attainable concentrations throughout all cell lines on 2D monolayer cultures.However, there was no impact of lycopene on cell migration and invasion. A spheroid culture approach, using OV-MZ-6 and SKOV-3 ovarian cancer cells resulted in initially decreasing cell survival upon treatment with lycopene for 7 days, but increasing proliferation and viability after 14 days of exposure to the antioxidative compound, confirming the potential of lycopene to reduce cancer cell growth in short term cultures, but also indicating enhanced survival over prolonged exposure. Expanding on these rather heterogeneous results, we decided to perform an in vivo study to answer the question of lycopene´s antitumorigenic potential, as we assumed that the mixed outcome was primarily caused by dissolution problems of lycopene in cell culture. For this study, we used an intraperitoneal humanized animal model to test the preventive and therapeutic effects of lycopene alone or in combinatio...

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“…It has also been reported that the diets supplemented by lycopene and β-carotene along with lutein and zeaxanthin can help the fight against AMD, suggesting that lycopene, although not directly involved in preventing AMD, can protect the other carotenoids from oxidation and help increase their bioavailability (Cardinault et al, 2005;Blume-Peytavi et al, 2009). Clinical trials also suggested that tomato-rich diets containing lycopene can lower the incidence of prostate cancer (Giovannucci et al, 2002;Giovannucci, 2005;Salem et al, 2011), although contradictory results were reported as well (Peters et al, 2007;Kristal et al, 2010).…”

Section: Health Benefits Of Carotenoids From Microalgaementioning

confidence: 99%

Induction of carotenoid and phytosterol accumulation in microalgae

Ahmed¹

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Microalgae have become well-known in the last few decades as producers of various compounds of high nutritional value, such as long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids, pigments including carotenoids, proteins, sterols, and vitamins. Among these compounds, carotenoids and phytosterols have been receiving increased attention based on the discoveries that they are capable of preventing various diseases such as cardiovascular problems, certain cancers, and neurological disorders, e.g. Alzheimer's, amyotrophic lateral sclerosis etc. The commercial exploitation of the microalgal strains Dunaliella salina and Haematococcus pluvialis for β-carotene and astaxanthin, respectively, led to the hypothesis for the current study that other microalgal strains may even have a higher potential to produce these compounds, especially when the underlying physiological pathways that lead to elevated levels of these compounds could be stimulated. The aims of this thesis were therefore (1) to screen microalgal strains for their potential to produce carotenoids and phytosterols and (2) to induce the top producer(s) to accumulate higher quantities of carotenoids and phytosterols and (3) to scale up the successful induction method(s) to explore large-scale commercial production of these metabolites. Moreover, the well-known sensitive nature of carotenoids (e.g. astaxanthin and β-carotene) to light, drying and preservation methods led to the idea that freeze-drying rather than the currently popular spray-drying methods could be more suitable for long-term storage of highly valuable carotenoids, such as astaxanthin.As a first step, screening was carried out on twelve microalgal strains collected from brackish and marine waters for carotenoid profiles and contents, antioxidant capacity (total phenolic content and oxygen radical absorbance capacity (ORAC), and phytosterol profiles and

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Serum Lycopene, Other Carotenoids, and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Nested Case-Control Study in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal, and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial

Cited by 154 publications

References 70 publications

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with nutrients and supplements

Chemoprevention of prostate cancer with nutrients and supplements

Investigation of the Potential Anticancer Effects of Lycopene in Tissue Engineered In vitro and In vivo Models

Induction of carotenoid and phytosterol accumulation in microalgae

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