Serum Magnesium Level Change in Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Cardiovascular Complications

Abstract

Background: Diabetic macrovascular complications remain the main cause of morbidity and mortality in type 2 diabetes patients. Magnesium is a necessary cofactor for several enzymes that play an important role in glucose metabolism. Aim of Study: This work was designed to investigate the relation between serum magnesium and diabetic cardiovascular complications. Patients and Methods: In the present study, 120 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were enrolled from Internal Medicine Diabetes and Endocrine Unit Outpatient Clinic, Tanta University Hospitals, Egypt, and 30 individuals as a control within a period of one year. The enrolled individuals were divided into two groups. Group I included 30 healthy non diabetic individuals as control group. Group II included 120 type 2 diabetes patients classified into subgroups; A-30 type 2 diabetic patients without any vascular complications. B-30 type 2 diabetic patients with ischemic heart disease. C-30 type 2 diabetic patients with nephropathy. D-30 type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy. Serum magnesium and other investigations were taken to evaluate the relation between serum magnesium and diabetic macrovascular complications. Result: Serum magnesium level was significantly low in patients with ischemic heart disease 1.28 ±0.36mg/dl. It was found using recipient characteristic observer curve for magnesium as a predictor of diabetic complications that serum magnesium level of 0.9mg/dl was accompanied with 76.4% sensitivity and 72% specificity for prediction of complications. While, HbA1C 7.5% was accompanied with 86.1% sensitivity and 46.2% specificity for prediction of macrovascular compilations. Serum magnesium level could be a predictor of occurrence of diabetic complications, but its role in pathogenesis cannot be well stated as our data did not confirm that hypomagnesaemia is an independent risk factor for diabetes complications.