Serum Magnesium Level of Newly Detected Patients with Glucose Intolerance and Its Comparison with Serum Magnesium Level of Age and Sex Matched Healthy Volunteers
Abstract:Abstract Abstract Abstract Background: Background: Background: Background: Background: Hypomagnesaemia is associated with insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus (DM) and diabetic complications. Diabetic patients, on the other hand, often have low magnesium levels. This study was designed to evaluate serum magnesium level of patients with new diagnosis of any level of glucose intolerance e.g. impaired fasting glucose, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) or DM and to compare these with serum magnesium level of age a… Show more
“…Eventually, ten observational studies met our eligibility criteria and include in final analysis (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1 ) 18 – 22 , 35 – 39 . Figure 1 PRISMA flowchart describing the study’s systematic literature search and study selection.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mean age of all subjects ranged between 29 and 67 years. Out of 10 studies, 3 studies were conducted in China 18 , 19 , 36 and others were conducted in the United states 21 , Netherlands 37 , Sweden 20 , Bangladesh 22 , India 39 , Italy 38 and Turkey 35 . Two studies assessed magnesium level by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry 18 , 19 , two studies used atomic absorption 20 , 36 and in other studies other methods were used.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients with diabetes had increased magnesium excretion in the urine, which is due to hyperglycemia, hyperfiltration, and the effect of insulin on the renal channels of magnesium 48 . Although among people with prediabetes serum glucose levels are below the threshold for magnesium extraction in the urine and they are unlikely to affect serum magnesium levels 37 , but a number of studies have shown that magnesium levels in subjects with prediabetes are also lower than healthy individuals 19 , 22 , 34 . Previous meta-analysis has reported an inverse relationship between magnesium levels and magnesium intake with the risk of diabetes, and also confirmed the beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation in the management of glucose disorders 8 , 9 , 16 , 49 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eventually, ten observational studies met our eligibility criteria and include in final analysis (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1) [18][19][20][21][22][35][36][37][38][39] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies that investigated the associations between the circulating levels of magnesium and prediabetes have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies documented the lower levels of magnesium in people with prediabetes compared to their healthy controls [18][19][20] , while others did not find significant differences 21,22 . Till now, there is no meta-analyses to address these inconsistent results.…”
Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes. Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to October, 2020. A total of 10 studies that reported mean and standard deviation (SD) of magnesium levels in prediabetes and healthy control group were identified. Random effects models were used to pool weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum magnesium levels. Pooled-analysis showed that subjects with prediabetes had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared with healthy controls (WMD = − 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.001). A significant heterogeneity observed across included studies (I2 = 95.6%, P < 0.001). However, different subgroup analysis did not detect the potential source of observed heterogeneity. Withdrawal of each individual study had no effect on the overall results. The present meta-analysis showed that circulating magnesium levels in people with prediabetes were significantly lower than healthy controls, confirming that magnesium deficiency may play a role in development and progression of prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample size and robust design are warranted to confirm present results.
“…Eventually, ten observational studies met our eligibility criteria and include in final analysis (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1 ) 18 – 22 , 35 – 39 . Figure 1 PRISMA flowchart describing the study’s systematic literature search and study selection.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The mean age of all subjects ranged between 29 and 67 years. Out of 10 studies, 3 studies were conducted in China 18 , 19 , 36 and others were conducted in the United states 21 , Netherlands 37 , Sweden 20 , Bangladesh 22 , India 39 , Italy 38 and Turkey 35 . Two studies assessed magnesium level by inductively coupled plasma spectrometry 18 , 19 , two studies used atomic absorption 20 , 36 and in other studies other methods were used.…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Patients with diabetes had increased magnesium excretion in the urine, which is due to hyperglycemia, hyperfiltration, and the effect of insulin on the renal channels of magnesium 48 . Although among people with prediabetes serum glucose levels are below the threshold for magnesium extraction in the urine and they are unlikely to affect serum magnesium levels 37 , but a number of studies have shown that magnesium levels in subjects with prediabetes are also lower than healthy individuals 19 , 22 , 34 . Previous meta-analysis has reported an inverse relationship between magnesium levels and magnesium intake with the risk of diabetes, and also confirmed the beneficial effect of magnesium supplementation in the management of glucose disorders 8 , 9 , 16 , 49 .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Eventually, ten observational studies met our eligibility criteria and include in final analysis (Fig. 1 and Supplementary Table 1) [18][19][20][21][22][35][36][37][38][39] .…”
Section: Discussionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Previous studies that investigated the associations between the circulating levels of magnesium and prediabetes have yielded inconsistent results. Some studies documented the lower levels of magnesium in people with prediabetes compared to their healthy controls [18][19][20] , while others did not find significant differences 21,22 . Till now, there is no meta-analyses to address these inconsistent results.…”
Studies on the association between serum magnesium level and prediabetes yielded inconsistent results. Therefore, the present meta-analysis was designed to examine the association between serum magnesium levels and prediabetes. Online databases including PubMed, Embase, Scopus and Google Scholar were searched up to October, 2020. A total of 10 studies that reported mean and standard deviation (SD) of magnesium levels in prediabetes and healthy control group were identified. Random effects models were used to pool weighted mean differences (WMDs) of serum magnesium levels. Pooled-analysis showed that subjects with prediabetes had significantly lower serum magnesium levels compared with healthy controls (WMD = − 0.07 mmol/L; 95% CI − 0.09, − 0.05 mmol/L, P < 0.001). A significant heterogeneity observed across included studies (I2 = 95.6%, P < 0.001). However, different subgroup analysis did not detect the potential source of observed heterogeneity. Withdrawal of each individual study had no effect on the overall results. The present meta-analysis showed that circulating magnesium levels in people with prediabetes were significantly lower than healthy controls, confirming that magnesium deficiency may play a role in development and progression of prediabetes. Further studies with larger sample size and robust design are warranted to confirm present results.
Background: Background: There is a lack of information regarding serum uric acid (SUA) and magnesium levels among the pre-diabetics population. This study aimed to assess the biochemical assessment of both uric acid and magnesium in prediabetics of the Peshawar-KP region.
Methodology: In this case-control study, patients having normal glucose levels were considered as control, and prediabetics were cases. Fasting blood glucose (FPG) levels between 100-125 mg/dl or HbA1c levels between 5.7 to 6.4% were considered pre-diabetic. SUA was assessed by the Uricase method, serum Mg+ by the Calmagite calorimetric method, and fasting glucose was assessed by the GOD-POD enzymatic method.
Results: According to our findings, mean values of serum magnesium were 2.12 ± 0.60 mg/dl (p=0.026) and 1.10 ± 0.82 mg/dl (p=0.001) in male and female of control group whereas, 1.60 ± 0.44 mg/dl (p=0.004) and 0.90 ± 0.22 mg/dl (p=0.002) in male and female of cases group respectively. Correspondingly, mean value of SUA was recorded as 4.14 ± 0.66 mg/dl (p=0.008) and 3.12 ± 0.38 mg/dl (p=0.004) in male and female of control group whereas 8.10 ± 1.00 mg/dl (p=0.002) and 6.22 ± 0.44 mg/dl (p=0.003) in male and female of cases and subjects group respectively. It is noticeable that mean serum magnesium and SUA values were higher in the male of both groups compared to females.
Conclusion: The study concluded that lower serum magnesium levels in prediabetics might result from the closure of K+ channels, defective phosphorylation of insulin receptors, or diminished glucokinase activity. Higher uric acid levels in prediabetics might result from inflammation, oxidative stress, and hypertrophy of the tubules.
Background: Hypomagnesaemia is linked to insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and chronic diabetic complications. Prevalence of hypomagnesaemia is high in patients with T2DM and multiple studies have shown evidence of effect of serum magnesium (Mg) level on glycaemic control in these patients. The aims of this study were to evaluate the frequency of hypomagnesaemia in hospitalized patients with T2DM and impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and to evaluate its correlation with glycaemic control.
Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted from November, 2016 to March, 2017 in BIRDEM General Hospital. Hypomagnesaemia was defined as serum Mg concentration <0.7 mmol/L. Patients who had acute diarrhea or vomiting in previous 7 days, patients who had chronic diarrhea or malabsorpsion syndrome or who had recent history of taking diuretics were excluded from the study. Patients’ clinical information were collected using a structured questionnaire and laboratory information were collected from the hospital records.
Results: Total patients were 100, including T2DM (92) and IGT (8). Thirty nine (42.4%) patients with T2DM and five (62.5%) patients with IGT had hypomagnesaemia. The median (IQR) serum Mg level in patients with T2DM was 0.77 (0.6-0.8) mmol/L and IGT was 0.6 (0.52-0.77) mmol/L. HbA1c was higher among patients with hypomagnesaemia than normal Mg level [median (IQR) 9.4 (7.8-12.7) % vs 8.85 (7.2-9.95) %] though it was not significant (p>0.05). The mean fasting blood glucose (FBG) was 9.82 mmol/l in patients with hypomagnesaemia and 9.63 mmol/l in patients with normal serum Mg. Median 2-hour post prandial blood glucose level was 12 (10.4-16.15) mmol/L in hypomagnesaemia group and 11.7 (10.3-14.7) mmol/L in normal Mg group, though the difference was not statistically significant. There was negative correlation between serum Mg and HbA1c, FBG and post prandial blood glucose level (r, -0.075, -0.003. -0.006 respectively). Among the patients with hypomagnesaemia, the percentage of ischemic heart disease (IHD), diabetic retinopathy, diabetic nephropathy and diabetic neuropathy was 31.8%, 36.4%, 43.2% and 34.1% compared to 23.2%, 30.4%, 32.1% and 25% respectively in patients with normal Mg level.
Conclusion: Around half of the patients with T2DM and IGT had hypomagnesaemia and patients with hypomagnesaemia were found to have relatively poor glycemic control and had increased rate of diabetic complications. Although relationship between serum magnesium level and glycemic control was not significant, it indicated the need of further research in this aspect.
BIRDEM Med J 2022; 12(3): 207-211
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