Serum Magnesium Levels in Hospitalized Patients with SARS-CoV-2

Can Maintaining Optimal Magnesium Balance Reduce the Disease Severity of COVID-19 Patients?

“…In addition to previous studies mentioned, critical COVID-19 cases were also found to be associated with hypermagnesemia in a retrospective cohort study of 193 COVID-19 patients in a medical center in California conducted from March 13, 2020, to February 2, 2021 ( 61 ). The authors of the study hypothesized that hypermagnesemia would be a predictor of mortality and morbidity in COVID-19 patients because hypermagnesemia is associated with mortality in other critical illnesses.…”

A phenome‐wide investigation of risk factors for severe COVID‐19

“…48 The Association of hypomagnesemia and the measures of glycemic control may explain its previously shown links to COVID-19 mortality. 49 Moreover, supplemental magnesium has been repeatedly suggested as an augment to COVID-19 treatment. 50,51 While folate was identified as a protective COVID-19 nutrient in the NutriNet-Santé cohort of 7766 adults, 52 a study of 333 hospitalized patients with COVID-19 showed no association between serum folate levels and clinical outcomes.…”

Electrolyte abnormalities in hospitalized COVID‐19 patients at tertiary referral centers in Tehran: Hypermagnesemia as a marker of fatality: A retrospective cross‐sectional study

“…Recently, some researchers have suggested that alternation in serum magnesium levels in COVID-19 patients may be associated with the development of severe disease in COVID-19 patients and poor outcomes. [13][14][15][16] The results of the studies in this field are heterogeneous. [15][16][17] While some authors suggest that magnesium deficiency is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and may exacerbate the course of COVID-19, 16 others state that hypermagnesemia among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased rate of mortality.…”

“…[13][14][15][16] The results of the studies in this field are heterogeneous. [15][16][17] While some authors suggest that magnesium deficiency is associated with low-grade chronic inflammation and may exacerbate the course of COVID-19, 16 others state that hypermagnesemia among hospitalized COVID-19 patients is associated with an increased rate of mortality. 15 Although the exact mechanism of the relationship between dysmagnesemia and COVID-19 outcome and possible mortality is unclear, it is the hypothesis that hypermagnesemia potentially represents increased cell turnover and higher severity of illness, which is frequently associated with more severe forms of diseases.…”

“…[17][18][19][20] Another explanation can be related to the alternation of the level of cytokine, including higher levels of IL-6, IL-4, and IL-10. 21 It is hypothesized that the transcellular shift of magnesium from the intracellular to extracellular space in response to stress hormones is associated with vasopressor use [14][15][16][17][18] Although Lippi et al reported the result of electrolyte imbalances in patients with severe COVID-19 in a meta-analysis. 22 The result of this meta-analysis demonstrated serum sodium level was significantly lower in patients with severe COVID-19, the result of our study is not congruent with existing literature.…”