Serum markers of ovarian reserve and ovarian histology in adult mice treated with cyclophosphamide in pre-pubertal age

Abstract

Purpose AMH is used to quantify the extent of follicular pool in postpubertal women, but its value after chemotherapy is unclear. We tested AMH as a marker of follicular reserve in adult mice treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) in prepubertal age. Methods Mice received placebo or CTX at age 18 days. AMH and FSH were assessed on day 43, 56, and 95 of life. Ovaries were fixed in formalin, embedded in paraffin, and stained with H&E and TUNEL. Follicular apoptosis was graded. Results All mice exposed to CTX had a decreased number of follicles/mm 2 and significantly decreased AMH, but only 48 % of pubertal and 81 % of adult mice had increased FSH. Over time, there was an increase in FSH (p <0.05), but not a concurrent decrease in AMH, while in controls, FSH remained stable and AMH decreased. There was no correlation between histological and serological markers.Conclusions CTX administration to pre-pubertal mice caused various degrees of residual function, which were reflected by FSH, but not by AMH or by the number of ovarian follicles. AMH served as a marker of quantitative, and FSH of qualitative, residual ovarian function.

Anti-Müllerian hormone gene polymorphism is associated with androgen levels in Chinese polycystic ovary syndrome patients with insulin resistance

“…The compounds cross the basal membrane into the granulosa cells around to convert into estradiols and estrones respectively [23,25]. The process is catalyzed by the aromatase enzyme which encoded by the gene CYP19 [23,25], and AMH suppress the expression of aromatase [26,27]. In our research, the patients with PCOS hold a high serum level of testosterone than controls.…”

AMH as an ovarian function predictor in premenopausal female breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is effective only for those over 35 years old

“…There is no consensus on whether AMH can be used as a predictor of ovarian function in women undergoing chemotherapy, especially in younger patients [28][29][30]. Although studies have shown that AMH is of little value in predicting ovarian function in underage chemotherapy patients, no reasonable explanation has been found [20,21,28,30]. In our study on healthy women, the AMH level has a persistent trend of decline with ageing in women over 35 years old but remains relatively stable in women younger than 35 years old, which means AMH may not be an accurate and suitable biomarker of ovarian reserve for younger women [31,32].…”

AMH as an ovarian function predictor in premenopausal female breast cancer patients receiving chemotherapy is effective only for those over 35 years old

“…There is no consensus on whether AMH can be used as a predictor of ovarian function in women undergoing chemotherapy, especially in younger patients [28][29][30]. Although studies have shown that AMH is of little value in predicting ovarian function in underage chemotherapy patients, no reasonable explanation has been found [20,21,28,30]. In our study on healthy women, the AMH level has a persistent trend of decline with ageing in women over 35 years old but remains relatively stable in women younger than 35 years old, which means AMH may not be an accurate and suitable biomarker of ovarian reserve for younger women [31,32].…”

“…For AMH is relative stable for not been influenced by the menstrual cycle,5 many studies have adopted AMH as a prominent biomarker to assess ovarian function during the post-chemotherapy follow-up period [18,19]. However, the results of those studies were contradictory, and there is no consensus on the predictive value of AMH for ovarian function under chemotherapeutic damage till now [18][19][20][21].…”