Serum metabolomic analysis in patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

Abstract

BackgroundHashimoto’s thyroiditis, an autoimmune thyroid disease, shows high morbidity worldwide, particularly in female. Patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis have an increasing risk of hypothyroidism during the occurrence and progression of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. In recent years, metabolomics has been widely applied in autoimmune diseases, especially thyroid disorders. However, metabolites analysis in Hashimoto’s thyroiditis is still absent.MethodsA total of 92 samples were collected, including 35 cases in the control group, 30 cases in the Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with euthyroidism group, and 27 cases in the Hashimoto’s thyroiditis with subclinical hypothyroidism group. SPSS 25.0 for statistical analysis and ROC curve, SIMCA 14.0, Metaboanalysis for multifactor analysis, and Origin 2021 for correlation analysis.Results21 metabolites were identified. 10 metabolites were obtained from control group versus HTE group, 8 serum metabolites were abnormal between control group and HTS group, 3 metabolites were derived from HTE group versus HTS. Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Enrichment analysis showed that fatty acid degradation, Arginine, and proline metabolism have a significant impact on HTE, while lysine degradation, tyrosine metabolism play an important role HTS group, compared to control group. In the comparison between the HTE and HTS group, Valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation and Valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis exists a key role. Correlation analysis shows clinical are not related to metabolites. ROC curve indicates SM, LPC, PC can efficiency in identification patients with HT in different clinical stage from healthy individuals.ConclusionSerum metabolites were changed in HT. Phospholipids such as SM, LPC, PC influence the pathogenesis of Hashimoto’s thyroiditis. Fatty acid degradation and lysine degradation pathways have an impact on different clinical stage of HT.

Alterations in the amino acid profile in patients with papillary thyroid carcinoma with and without Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

“…Lu et al (46), in H 1 NMR analysis of plasma from papillary thyroid microcarcinoma patients, reported reduced levels of valine, lysine and leucine compared with healthy groups. In a study by Jiang et al (41), valine, leucine, and isoleucine degradation and valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis differentiated euthyroid HT patients from HT patients with subclinical hypothyroidism. However, it should be stressed that Hashimoto disease may influence the metabolism of many other tissues, and this may affect serum AA concentrations.…”

“…Lysine affects the production of proteins in muscles and bones, and lysine deficiency causes chronic fatigue, irritability, hair loss, anemia, susceptibility to infection, recurrent herpes and metabolic disorders. Jiang et al (41) studied the serum of HT patients and showed that lysine degradation pathways had an impact on different clinical stages of HT (41). Additionally, lysine was increased in the serum of HT and Graves' disease patients (17).…”

“…Interestingly, in HT and other autoimmune thyroid diseases, other studies (17, 18) did not observe the phenomenon of decreased levels of tyrosine in serum patients. Jiang et al (41) suggested that lysine degradation and tyrosine metabolism played an important role in the HTS group compared to the control group. However, this was not supported by measured tyrosine concentrations, only enrichment analysis (41).…”

“…Jiang et al (41) suggested that lysine degradation and tyrosine metabolism played an important role in the HTS group compared to the control group. However, this was not supported by measured tyrosine concentrations, only enrichment analysis (41). This may be due to the effects of the HT drugs.…”

Experimental study on changes in metabolic mechanism of papillary thyroid carcinoma complicated with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis

“…The contents of arginine and serine involved in the aminoacyl tRNA biosynthesis pathway may be significantly elevated in PTC tissues in the context of HT [ 30 , 32 ]. And, in Jiang's study [ 33 ], Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes Enrichment analysis showed that fatty acid degradation, Arginine, and proline metabolism have a significant impact on HT group compared to normal group.…”