Serum metabolomic profiles in dogs with chronic enteropathy

Abstract

Background Metabolic profiles differ between healthy humans and those with inflammatory bowel disease. Few studies have examined metabolic profiles in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE). Hypothesis Serum metabolic profiles of dogs with CE are significantly different from those of healthy dogs. Animals Fifty‐five dogs with CE and 204 healthy controls. Methods A cross‐sectional study. The serum concentrations of 99 metabolites measured using a canine‐specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy platform were studied. A 2‐sample unpaired t‐test was used to compare the 2 study samples. The threshold for significance was set at P < .05 with a Bonferroni correction for each metabolite group. Results Nineteen metabolites and 18 indices of lipoprotein composition were significantly different between the CE and healthy dogs. Four metabolites were significantly higher in dogs with CE, including phenylalanine (mean and SD) (healthy: 0.0417 mmol/L; [SD] 0.0100; CE: 0.0480 mmol/L; SD: 0.0125; P value: <.001) and lactate (healthy: 1.8751 mmol/L; SD: 0.7808; CE: 2.4827 mmol/L; SD CE: 1.4166; P value: .003). Fifteen metabolites were significantly lower in dogs with CE, including total fatty acids, and glycine (healthy: 0.2273 mmol/L; SD: 0.0794; CE: 0.1828 mmol/L; SD CE: 0.0517; P value: <.001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance The metabolic profile of dogs with CE is significantly different from that of healthy dogs, this opens novel research avenues to develop better diagnostic and prognostic approaches as well as therapeutic trials.

Changes in Faecal and Plasma Amino Acid Profile in Dogs with Food-Responsive Enteropathy as Indicators of Gut Homeostasis Disruption: A Pilot Study

“…It is worth emphasizing that, in the present study, plasma Phe proportion was the only one increased in dogs with FRE. A recent study by Walker et al [ 13 ] also found greater Phe serum concentration in dogs with CEs. It has also been reported that both inflammation and infection often lead to increased levels of Phe in human patients [ 23 ] since cytokines induce a strong metabolic disruption, muscle tissue breakdown, and a catabolic state.…”

“…Academic literature concerning the amino acid profile in dogs with gastrointestinal disorders is currently quite limited. Some research has been actually carried out in dogs with IRE or PLE [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. However, current information on the amino acid profile in FRE dogs is not yet available.…”

“…In previous research, we evaluated the short-chain and total fatty acid profiles in FRE dogs, finding alterations and correlations between some of these compounds and the intestinal disease activity index [ 9 ]. Currently, scientific reports concerning the amino acid profile in dogs with CEs are very limited, although a few studies have been conducted in dogs with immunosuppressant-responsive enteropathy (IRE) and protein-losing enteropathy (PLE), finding alterations in the amino acid profile when compared to healthy individuals [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. Since FRE seems to have the greatest prevalence (60–70% of cases of CE) [ 14 ] and dogs suffering from this disease respond to an elimination diet based on hydrolysed protein or novel protein, the amino acid profile evaluation deserves more attention.…”

Fecal Concentrations of Long-Chain Fatty Acids, Sterols, and Unconjugated Bile Acids in Cats with Chronic Enteropathy

“…Additionally, the loss of FAs might lead to decreased serum concentrations of FAs, which is evident in humans with IBD with decreased serum concentrations of nervonic acid, arachidonic acid, and palmitic acid [36]. Similarly, one study also reported on decreased concentrations of oleic acid, stearic acid, and saturated FAs in serum from dogs with CE using a canine-specific proton nuclear magnetic resonance ( 1 H NMR) spectroscopy platform [37].…”

Oxidative stress, hormones, and effects of natural antioxidants on intestinal inflammation in inflammatory bowel disease

“…The mean concentrations of all antioxidant biomarkers except FRAP were lower, and the oxidant markers were higher in the sera of dogs with idiopathic IBD than in healthy controls. Another study showed lower serum fatty acid concentrations in dogs with CIE than in healthy dogs, indicating dysregulation of both pro-inflammatory (arachidonic acid and cyclooxygenase pathways) and anti-inflammatory (omega-3 essential fatty acids) mediators ( 26 ). Perturbations in these mediators in the face of chronic intestinal inflammation are a recognized feature of IBD in people ( 27 ).…”