Serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, and cell‐free DNA in endurance sled dogs and sled dogs with clinical rhabdomyolysis

Devall, Veronica C; Goggs, Robert; Hansen, Christina; Frye, Christopher W.; Letendre, Jo‐Annie; Wakshlag, Joseph J.

doi:10.1111/vec.12731

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Strenuous exercise has been demonstrated to increase plasma cfDNA concentrations in dogs, 78 but cfDNA concentrations do not appear to be useful for identification of exertional rhabdomyolysis in racing sled dogs. 38 Dogs with gastric dilation and volvulus had significantly greater plasma cfDNA concentrations compared to controls, but cfDNA concentrations were not predictive of complications or of survival. 200 In an experimental model in dogs, autologous blood clots were injected to induce pulmonary thromboembolism, and then plasma cfDNA concentrations were measured with a Pico-Green assay.…”

Section: Other Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review

et al. 2019

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Immunothrombosis is a potentially beneficial physiological process that aids innate immunity and host defense against pathogen invasion. However, this process can also be damaging when it occurs to excess or in critical blood vessels. Formation of extracellular traps by leukocytes, particularly neutrophils, is central to our understanding of immunothrombosis. In addition to degranulation and phagocytosis, extracellular traps are the third mechanism by which neutrophils combat potential pathogens. These traps consist of extracellular DNA decorated with bactericidal cellular proteins, including elastase, myeloperoxidase, and cathepsins. Neutrophils can release these structures as part of a controlled cell-death process or via a process termed vital NETosis that enables the cells to extrude DNA but remain viable. There is accumulating evidence that NETosis occurs in companion animals, including dogs, horses, and cats, and that it actively contributes to pathogenesis. Numerous studies have been published detailing various methods for identification and quantification of extracellular trap formation, including cell-free DNA, measurements of histones and proteins such as high-mobility group box–1, and techniques involving microscopy and flow cytometry. Here, we outline the present understanding of these phenomena and the mechanisms of extracellular trap formation. We critically review the data regarding measurement of NETosis in companion animals, summarize the existing literature on NETosis in veterinary species, and speculate on what therapeutic options these insights might present to clinicians in the future.

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Section: Other Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 84%

Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review

et al. 2019

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“…In these cases, it is referred to as exertional RM. In veterinary medicine, RM is infrequent, but exertional RM in racing (grey)hounds or sled dogs is an exception [4,5,[13][14][15]. In the veterinary literature, exertional RM is classified as a non-inflammatory, acquired myopathy [4,5].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While myoglobinuria is a common finding in cases of RM in both dogs and humans, it may not always be present [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]15]. Even if urinalysis does not reveal the presence of myoglobinuria, it is an important diagnostic tool since RM can lead to AKI, for which urinalysis can provide important information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clinical Diagnosis of Rhabdomyolysis without Myoglobinuria or Electromyographic Abnormalities in a Dog

Santifort

Płonek²,

Mandigers

2023

Animals

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A 2-year-old female neutered Old German Shepherd was presented for acute non-ambulatory tetraparesis. Upon presentation to the emergency department, hematology and biochemical blood tests revealed no abnormalities aside from mildly elevated C-reactive protein levels (22.5 mg/L, reference range 0.0–10.0) and immeasurable creatine kinase (CK) activity. Neurological evaluation the next day revealed ambulatory tetraparesis, general proprioceptive deficits, mild ataxia and dubious diffuse myalgia. Withdrawal reflexes were weak on both thoracic and pelvic limbs. The CK was determined to be significantly elevated at that point (32.856 U/L, ref. range 10.0–200.0). Urinalysis revealed no abnormalities. An electromyographic (EMG) study of thoracic limb, paraspinal and pelvic limb muscles revealed no abnormalities. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study of the cervicothoracic spinal cord was performed and revealed no abnormalities. A presumptive clinical diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis without myoglobinuria or EMG abnormalities was formed. Muscular biopsies were declined due to the rapid clinical improvement of the dog. A follow-up showed the progressive decline of CK activity to normal values and clinical remission of signs. A diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis was concluded based on clinical signs, consistent CK activity elevations and the response to supportive treatment for rhabdomyolysis, despite the absence of myoglobinuria and EMG abnormalities. Rhabdomyolysis should not be excluded based on the lack of EMG abnormalities or myoglobinuria in dogs.

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“…Rhabdomyolysis, the acute breakdown of skeletal muscle, is caused by severe traumatic or crushing injuries, hyperthermia, ischemia, drugs and toxins, snake or spider envenomation, electrolyte imbalances such as hypokalemia and hypophosphatemia, neoplasia, and infectious diseases 3–11 . Greyhounds and sled dogs appear more susceptible 11–14 . There is a single report of rhabdomyolysis in a human patient after the use of clenbuterol, another beta‐adrenergic agonist 15 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acute nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis in a Greyhound after albuterol toxicosis

Granfone

Walker

2021

J Vet Emergen Crit Care

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Objective To describe the clinical features of rhabdomyolysis due to albuterol toxicosis in a Greyhound. Case summary A 4‐year‐old neutered male Greyhound was presented for albuterol toxicosis leading to severe hypokalemia and respiratory paralysis. After 3 hours of mechanical ventilation, pigmenturia and marked enlargement, firmness, and pain of the left thigh muscles were noted. Severe hyperkalemia and cardiac arrhythmias were identified after turning the patient. After discontinuation of mechanical ventilation, other muscles became involved, and the patient developed acute kidney injury and concern for multiple organ dysfunction syndrome over the next 5 days. On day 6, the patient was euthanized, and necropsy revealed myocardial and skeletal muscle necrosis, myoglobinuria, and acute tubular degeneration. New or unique information provided To the authors’ knowledge, this is the first case of albuterol toxicosis leading to rhabdomyolysis.

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Serum myoglobin, creatine kinase, and cell‐free DNA in endurance sled dogs and sled dogs with clinical rhabdomyolysis

Cited by 8 publications

References 35 publications

Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review

Neutrophil-Extracellular Traps, Cell-Free DNA, and Immunothrombosis in Companion Animals: A Review

Clinical Diagnosis of Rhabdomyolysis without Myoglobinuria or Electromyographic Abnormalities in a Dog

Acute nontraumatic rhabdomyolysis in a Greyhound after albuterol toxicosis

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