Serum neutralization of nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (Baculovirus subgroup A) pathogenic for Orgyia pseudotsugata

Martignoni, Mauro E.; Iwai, Paul J.; Rohrmann, George F.

doi:10.1016/0022-2011(80)90128-7

Cited by 13 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Evidence supporting a closer relatedness between the two MNPVs was presented by Martignoni et al (1980) who demonstrated that antiserum to OpMNPV has significant neutralizing ability against AcMNPV, and by Smith & Summers (1981) who indicated that six out of 22 of the nucleocapsid proteins of these two viruses are antigenically related. It is therefore evident that these viruses are much more closely related than previously reported by Jewell & Miller (1980) for the MNPVs and Rohrmann et al (1978b) for OpMNPV and OpSNPV.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Sequence Homology between Autographa californica and Orgyia pseudotsugata Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses

Rohrmann

Martignoni

Beaudreau

1982

Journal of General Virology

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SUMMARYTo investigate the DNA sequence homology between the multicapsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Autographa californica and the multicapsid and single capsid nuclear polyhedrosis virus of Orgyia pseudotsugata, the stringency of hybridization conditions was varied. Thirteen to 25 % homology between the multicapsid viruses of A. californica and O. pseudotsugata was detected in 20, 30 and 40% formamide, indicating that fairly stable duplexes were being formed. Under the most stringent conditions in 50% formamide little homology was detected. In contrast to the multicapsid viruses, the single capsid virus of O. pseudotsugata demonstrated about 10% sequence homology in 20% formamide, but these duplexes were unstable and the percentage homology decreased markedly in the higher formamide concentrations. Examination of the specific regions of homology by hybridizing labelled DNA to Southern blots of the virus DNAs revealed that the regions of homology between these viruses were not limited to one region of the genome but were found on a number of restriction fragments.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Sequence Homology between Autographa californica and Orgyia pseudotsugata Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses

Rohrmann

Martignoni

Beaudreau

1982

Journal of General Virology

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“…Accordingly, I used a homogenate of 40 infected fourth-instar cadavers in l 00 mL of distilled H 2 0, which invariably produces 100% mortality. The virus that I used is the multicapsid morphotype (OPS-MM, Martignoni et al 1980), originally obtained from Jeffrey Millstein (Washington State University, Pullman, Washington, USA). These laboratory-infected larvae are hereafter referred to as primary infecteds (Young and Yearian 1987a).…”

Section: General Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Roles of Density, Stage, and Patchiness in the Transmission of an Insect Virus

Dwyer¹

1991

Ecology

112

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Although the importance of insect viruses in the population dynamics of their hosts is widely acknowledged, ecologists are still relatively ignorant of the factors determining the rate of transmission of insect viruses in the field. I performed a series of field experiments in which I investigated the transmission dynamics of the nuclear poly— hedrosis virus (NPV) of Douglas—fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata (Lepidoptera: Lymantriidae), in northern Idaho, USA. In these experiments, I reared healthy and infected healthy larvae that became infected as a measure of transmission. I explored the influences of density, stage structure, and spatial structure on transmission by manipulating the density and stage distribution of healthy and infected hosts, and the spatial distribution of infected hosts. The experiments indicate that transmission is strongly affected by the densities of both healthy and infected hosts, but the effect depends on the instar of each. Late instars are both more infectious and more likely to become infected than are early instars, so that the NPV is more likely to spread in populations of late—instar tussock moth larvae. I also found that transmission is affected by the spatial distribution of infected hosts, and this effect also depends on the instar of healthy hosts. That is, transmission to healthy early instars decreases with increasing patchiness of infected hosts, but transmission to healthy late instars is essentially unaffected by patchiness. I discuss how these results can be in— terpreted in terms of behavioral differences among instars, and relate the results to the mathematical theory of disease and the use of viruses in biological pest control.

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“…Both initially healthy larvae and initially infected larvae (which I will refer to as "primary infecteds") were reared in the laboratory from eggs of the GL-1 strain of Douglas-fir tussock moth (Martignoni and Iwai 1980; eggs provided by Paul Iwai). To ensure that larvae were not accidentally contaminated with the virus, all eggs were surface-sterilized in a 1 0% bleach solution (Robertson 1985).…”

Section: Parameter Estimationmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Spatial Spread of Insect Pathogens: Theory and Experiment

Dwyer¹

1992

Ecology

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The mathematical theory of animal diseases has seen explosive growth in the past decade, yet most of the existing theory examines only temporal disease spread, ignoring the effects of patchy host or pathogen spatial distributions. Here I present a model for the within—season spatial spread of insect pathogens that incorporates host movement in an otherwise conventional insect host—pathogen model. Mathematical analysis of the model reveals that the pathogen will spread through the host population in a moving wave front of disease, known as a "travelling wave." This analysis shows how the spatial rate of spread of the pathogen depends upon the transmission rate of the disease, the rate of production of the pathogen by infected hosts, the initial population of the host, the decay rate of the pathogen, and the death rate of infected hosts. To test the predictions of the model, I performed a series of field experiments with the nuclear polyhedrosis virus (NPV) of Douglas—fir tussock moth, Orgyia pseudotsugata. First, I estimated each of the parameters of the model in the field with a series of small—scale experiments, and used the parameter estimates to predict the spatial rate of spread of the NPV through a population of tussock moth larvae (NPV diseases, like many insect pathogens, do not infect adults). To test this prediction, I then performed an experiment in which I measured the rate of spread of the NPV in an experimental population of tussock moth larvae on linear arrays of Douglas—fir seedlings. The model predicts the rate of spread of tussock moth NPV fairly accurately, suggesting that one can use this type of model to extrapolate individual behavior and localized transmission patterns to broader—scale spatial dynamics.

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Serum neutralization of nucleopolyhedrosis viruses (Baculovirus subgroup A) pathogenic for Orgyia pseudotsugata

Cited by 13 publications

References 15 publications

DNA Sequence Homology between Autographa californica and Orgyia pseudotsugata Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses

DNA Sequence Homology between Autographa californica and Orgyia pseudotsugata Nuclear Polyhedrosis Viruses

The Roles of Density, Stage, and Patchiness in the Transmission of an Insect Virus

On the Spatial Spread of Insect Pathogens: Theory and Experiment

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