Serum Nitrate/Nitrite Concentration Correlates with Gastric Juice Nitrate/Nitrite: A Possible Marker for Mutagenesis of the Proximal Stomach

Abstract

Background/Aims: In the normal acid-secreting stomach, luminally generated nitric oxide, which contributes to carcinogenesis in the proximal stomach, is associated with the concentration of nitrate plus nitrite (nitrate/nitrite) in gastric juice. We investigated whether the serum nitrate/nitrite concentration is associated with that of gastric juice and whether it can be used as a serum marker. Methods: Serum and gastric juice nitrate/nitrite concentration, Helicobacter pylori antibody, and gastric pH were measured in 176 patients undergoing upper endoscopy. Results: Multiple regression analysis revealed that serum nitrate/nitrite concentration was the best independent predictor of gastric juice nitrate/nitrite concentration. On single regression analysis, serum and gastric juice nitrate/nitrite concentration were significantly correlated, according to the following equation: gastric juice nitrate/nitrite concentration (µmol/l) = 3.93 – 0.54 × serum nitrate/nitrite concentration (µmol/l; correlation coefficient = 0.429, p < 0.001). In analyses confined to subjects with gastric pH less than 2.0, and in those with serum markers suggesting normal acid secretion (pepsinogen-I >30 ng/ml and negative H. pylori antibody), the serum nitrate/nitrite concentration was an independent predictor of the gastric juice nitrate/nitrite concentration (p < 0.001). Conclusion: Measuring the serum nitrate/nitrite concentration has potential in estimating the gastric juice nitrate/nitrite concentration. The serum nitrate/nitrite concentration could be useful as a marker for mutagenesis in the proximal stomach.

Fasting Gastric pH of Japanese Subjects Stratified by IgG Concentration Against Helicobacter pylori and Pepsinogen Status

“…From 2007 to 2010, we prospectively enrolled 231 subjects aged 21–86 years who were attending Tokyo Dental College Ichikawa General Hospital outpatient clinic for routine upper gastrointestinal endoscopy. Exclusion criteria were as described previously [18,19]. Gastric mucosal atrophy was diagnosed according to the endoscopic atrophic border scale of Kimura and Takemoto [20]; there were three classifications (1, mild or no atrophy; 2, moderate atrophy; and 3, severe atrophy).…”

“…Subjects with antibody concentration <10 U/mL were categorized as the infection‐negative group; those with a concentration of 10–30 U/mL were designated the low‐concentration group; those with a concentration of 30–50 U/mL were classified as the moderate‐concentration group; and those with a concentration >50 U/mL were classified as the high‐concentration group. Measurement of serum pepsinogen‐I, pepsinogen‐II, and H. pylori IgG antibodies was contracted out to Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) as described previously [18,19]. Pepsinogen was defined as “atrophic” when the criteria of both pepsinogen‐I < 70 ng/mL and pepsinogen‐I/II ratio <3 were fulfilled [23].…”

Fundic gland polyps accurately predict a low risk of future gastric carcinogenesis

“…All endoscopies were performed by a single experienced gastroenterologist (HK). Exclusion criteria were as described previously [15,19]. Patients treated with proton pump inhibitors and histamine-2 blockers within 6 months of study enrollment and patients who had received H. pylori eradication therapy were strictly excluded, since proton pump inhibitors and eradication therapy for H. pylori significantly affect serum pepsinogen levels, and thus gastric mucosal atrophy cannot be accurately evaluated by pepsinogen measurement [20].…”

“…Measurement of serum pepsinogen-I, pepsinogen-II and H. pylori IgG antibodies was contracted out to Mitsubishi Chemical Medience Co., Ltd. (Tokyo, Japan) as described previously [15,19]. Subjects with antibody concentrations < 10 U/mL were categorized as infection-negative; those with a concentration ≥ 10 U/mL were designated as +Model CLINRE-548; No.…”

“…Gastric juice samples were collected through a sterile tube during endoscopy, and their pH was measured with a glass electrode as described previously [15,19].…”