Serum paraoxonase activity and protein thiols in chronic renal failure patients

Abstract

Serum paraoxonase is known to prevent low-density lipoprotein oxidation and atherogenesis. Association of paraoxonase with the oxidative status and lipid profile in chronic renal failure (CRF) patients on conservative management and those on chronic maintenance hemodialysis was analyzed in the present study. Serum paraoxonase, protein thiols, lipid hydroperoxides, lipid profile, creatinine and albumin levels were estimated by spectrophotometric methods in CRF patients on conservative management, those on hemodialysis and in healthy controls. Total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, lipid hydroperoxides and creatinine levels were higher and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, protein thiols, albumin levels and paraoxonase activity were lower in patients than in healthy controls. Paraoxonase activity correlated positively with protein thiols and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and negatively with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and lipid hydroperoxides. In conclusion, paraoxonase activity is decreased in CRF patients particularly on chronic maintenance hemodialysis and correlates well with the oxidative stress markers.

Paraoxonase enzyme activity and dyslipidemia in chronic kidney disease patients

“…Serum PON activity in CKD is reduced and it is more obvious in patients under hemodialysis. This reduction is in correlation with oxidative stress markers (13)(14)(15). Furthemore, studies in children have reported an increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants and serum PON level in CKD (12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

“…Furthemore, studies in children have reported an increased oxidative stress and decreased antioxidants and serum PON level in CKD (12)(13)(14)(15)(16). Serum PON1 level is associated with hyperlipidemia in patients with renal failure but it seems that serum PON level and HDL concentration are not the only determining factors for development of hyperlipidemia (14)(15)(16)(17). Hemodialysis can lower the acrolein level which is a very reactive aldehyde.…”

“…These findings may explain low PON1 activity in smokers and renal failure individuals (13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18). Also, some studies have suggested that renal transplantation could decrease the risk of premature vascular aging by increase in PON activity and its anti-atherogenic properties (15)(16)(17)(18)(19). Treatment of CKD can increase PON activity and lower the risk of cardiovascular diseases in these patients.…”

Paraoxonase 1 in Chronic Kidney Failure

“…Modification of the enzyme's free sulfhydryl group, such as via S-glutathionylation, leads to inactivation [91, 92]. In a study with 71 hemodialyzed patients and 87 healthy individuals, hemodialyzed patients had lower PON1 paraoxonase and arylesterase activity, concentrations of HDL, HDL 3 , and HDL 2 and concentration of free thiol groups [55].…”

Chemoselective reactions and their applications in metabolite isolation and analysis.

“…When GSSG accumulates in cells, it can undergo disulfide exchange reactions with other protein thiols, leading to their Sglutathionylation which is indicative of pathophysiological conditions. S-Glutathionylated proteins have been investigated as possible biomarkers of oxidative/nitrosative stress in some human diseases, such as cardiovascular disorders [106], chronic renal failure [107], gastro-intestinal diseases [108] and diabetes [109][110][111]. Thus, cellular thiol containing metabolites, such as cysteine and glutathione, are crucially important for maintaining and regulating redox homeostasis in addition to protein functions [112,113].…”