Serum Plant Sterols Associate with Gallstone Disease Independent of Weight Loss and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Käkelä, Pirjo; Männistö, Ville; Ilves, Imre; Vaittinen, Maija; Tauriainen, Milla-Maria; Eskelinen, Matti; Gylling, Helena; Paajanen, Hannu; Pihlajamäki, Jussi

doi:10.1007/s11695-016-2446-z

“…Our previous results indicated that cholesterol metabolism trait characterized by low serum levels of surrogate markers of cholesterol absorption precedes adult gallstone disease already in childhood [7]. Recent data from morbidly obese subjects suggest that low serum plant sterols among patients with gallstones indicate potentially inherited alterations in intestinal absorption and biliary transport of sterols [23].…”

Section: Accepted Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 85%

Genetic polymorphism of sterol transporters in children with future gallstones

Nissinen

¹

,

Pitkänen

²

,

Simonen

³

et al. 2018

Digestive and Liver Disease

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“…Twenty-two studies were identified, of which five studies were performed in patients with steatosis [95,96,97,98,99], eleven studies in patients with cholestasis [100,101,102,103,104,105,106,107,108,109,110], and six studies included patients with liver diseases related to cirrhosis or necrosis [111,112,113,114,115,116] (Table 8).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In nine comparisons in cholestasis patients with gallstones, at least one of the cholesterol absorption markers decreased in three comparisons [106,108] comparable in one [105] and not tested or measured in five comparisons [100,102,104,109]. On the other hand, cholesterol synthesis markers increased in five comparisons [102,107,108] comparable in two [106,109] and not tested or measured in the remaining comparisons. In children with gallstones, results are inconsistent.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Cholesterol Sterol Concentrations as Biomarkers for Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in Different Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Mashnafi

¹

,

Mensink

²

,

Baumgartner

³

2019

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Non-cholesterol sterols are validated biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis. However, their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematically explored. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders. Potentially relevant studies were retrieved by a systematic search of three databases in July 2018 and ninety-four human studies were included. Cholesterol-standardized levels of campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol were collected to reflect cholesterol absorption and those of lathosterol and desmosterol to reflect cholesterol synthesis. Their use as biomarkers was examined in the following metabolic disorders: overweight/obesity (n = 16), diabetes mellitus (n = 15), metabolic syndrome (n = 5), hyperlipidemia (n = 11), cardiovascular disease (n = 17), and diseases related to intestine (n = 16), liver (n = 22) or kidney (n = 2). In general, markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns, showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis. Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified, suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as ‘cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers’. Future studies should be performed to confirm or refute these findings and to examine whether this information can be used for targeted (dietary) interventions.

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“…Twenty-two studies were identified, of which five studies were performed in patients with steatosis [95][96][97][98][99], eleven studies in patients with cholestasis [100][101][102][103][104][105][106][107][108][109][110], and six studies included patients with liver diseases related to cirrhosis or necrosis [111][112][113][114][115][116] (Table 8). [102] Cases (n = 45) 3.00 ± 1.10 ↑ Controls (n = 80)…”

Section: Serum Non-cholesterol Sterol Markers In Subjects With Liver mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-Cholesterol Sterol Concentrations As Biomarkers For Cholesterol Absorption And Synthesis In Different Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Mashnafi

¹

,

Mensink

²

,

Baumgartner

³

2019

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Non-cholesterol sterols are validated biomarkers for intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis. However, their use in metabolic disturbances has not been systematically explored. Therefore, we conducted a systematic review to provide an overview of non-cholesterol sterols as markers for cholesterol metabolism in different metabolic disorders. Potentially relevant studies were retrieved by a systematic search of three databases in July 2018 and ninety-four human studies were included. Cholesterol-standardized levels of campesterol, sitosterol and cholestanol were collected to reflect cholesterol absorption and those of lathosterol and desmosterol to reflect cholesterol synthesis. Their use as biomarkers was examined in the following metabolic disorders: overweight/obesity (n = 16), diabetes mellitus (n = 15), metabolic syndrome (n = 5), hyperlipidemia (n = 11), cardiovascular disease (n = 17), and diseases related to intestine (n = 16), liver (n = 22) or kidney (n = 2). In general, markers for cholesterol absorption and synthesis displayed reciprocal patterns, showing that cholesterol metabolism is tightly regulated by the interplay of intestinal absorption and endogenous synthesis. Distinctive patterns for cholesterol absorption or cholesterol synthesis could be identified, suggesting that metabolic disorders can be classified as 'cholesterol absorbers or cholesterol synthesizers'. Future studies should be performed to confirm or refute these findings and to examine whether this information can be used for targeted (dietary) interventions.Nutrients 2019, 11, 124 2 of 31 procedures [5]. The only direct method to measure intestinal cholesterol absorption in humans is the intestinal perfusion technique using radioisotopes [6], whereas cholesterol balance and isotope ratio methods can be used to indirectly calculate cholesterol absorption. Cholesterol absorption using stable isotopes can be estimated using the dual plasma isotope ratio method, continuous isotope feeding, or single stable isotopes [5]. For quantifying endogenous cholesterol synthesis, other techniques such as cholesterol balance, fractional conversion of squalene, mass isotopomer distribution analysis (MIDA), and deuterium incorporation (DI) are used. Overall, the cholesterol balance technique, dual plasma isotope ratio, and continuous isotope feeding are the gold standard methods to quantify respectively cholesterol synthesis and absorption. These methods were developed and validated many years ago [7][8][9][10]. However, although these techniques are very precise, they are also complex, laborious, expensive and require a steady-state condition. Thus, these techniques are only suitable for small-scale in-depth studies, but not for large-scale intervention studies [11]. Consequently, there is a clear need for alternative approaches to monitor intestinal cholesterol absorption and endogenous cholesterol synthesis. In the early 90s, serum non-cholesterol sterols were introduced as validated biomarkers for assessing intestina...

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Serum Plant Sterols Associate with Gallstone Disease Independent of Weight Loss and Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Genetic polymorphism of sterol transporters in children with future gallstones

Genetic polymorphism of sterol transporters in children with future gallstones

Non-Cholesterol Sterol Concentrations as Biomarkers for Cholesterol Absorption and Synthesis in Different Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review

Non-Cholesterol Sterol Concentrations As Biomarkers For Cholesterol Absorption And Synthesis In Different Metabolic Disorders: A Systematic Review

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