Serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in term versus preterm neonates

Boskabadi, Hassan; Ghayour‐Mobarhan, Majid; Saeidinia, Amin

doi:10.1097/md.0000000000031381

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 31 publications

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“…Relative hyperoxia immediately after birth or even supplemental oxygen as a treatment can lead to oxidative stress. Immature antioxidant systems and decreased capacity to scavenge reactive oxygen species (ROS) in neonates [[71]] can further add to increased oxidative stress [[72]]. Indeed, astroglia are central to management of oxidative stress in the brain [[73]], and maturation of astrocytes occurs in postnatal stages [[42]].…”

Section: Consequences Of Cih On Cerebrovascular Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Perinatal Intermittent Hypoxia Affect Cerebrovascular Network Development?

Coelho-Santos¹,

Cruz²,

Shih³

2023

Dev Neurosci

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Perinatal hypoxia is an inadequate delivery of oxygen to the fetus in the period immediately before, during, or after the birth process. The most frequent form of hypoxia occurring in human development is chronic intermittent hypoxia (CIH) due to sleep-disordered breathing (apnea) or bradycardia events. CIH incidence is particularly high with premature infants. During CIH, repetitive cycles of hypoxia and reoxygenation initiate oxidative stress and inflammatory cascades in the brain. A dense microvascular network of arterioles, capillaries, and venules is required to support the constant metabolic demands of the adult brain. The development and refinement of this microvasculature is orchestrated throughout gestation and in the initial weeks after birth, at a critical juncture when CIH can occur. There is little knowledge on how CIH affects the development of the cerebrovasculature. However, since CIH (and its treatments) can cause profound abnormalities in tissue oxygen content and neural activity, there is reason to believe that it can induce lasting abnormalities in vascular structure and function at the microvascular level contributing to neurodevelopmental disorders. This mini-review discusses the hypothesis that CIH induces a positive feedback loop to perpetuate metabolic insufficiency through derailment of normal cerebrovascular development, leading to long-term deficiencies in cerebrovascular function.

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Section: Consequences Of Cih On Cerebrovascular Structure and Functionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Perinatal Intermittent Hypoxia Affect Cerebrovascular Network Development?

Coelho-Santos¹,

Cruz²,

Shih³

2023

Dev Neurosci

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Balance of Antioxidants vs. Oxidants in Perinatal Asphyxia

Rallis,

Dermitzaki,

Baltogianni

et al. 2024

Applied Sciences

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Perinatal asphyxia refers to an acute event of cerebral ischemia and hypoxia during the perinatal period, leading to various degrees of brain injury. The mechanisms involved in perinatal asphyxia include the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), accumulation of intracellular calcium, lipid peroxidation, excitatory amino acid receptor overactivation, energy failure, and caspase-mediated cell death. Both primary and secondary neuronal damage are caused by the overproduction of ROS following a hypoxic/ischemic event. ROS can react with nearly any type of molecule, including lipids, proteins, polysaccharides, and DNA. Neonates who suffer from perinatal asphyxia are prone to oxidative stress, which is characterized by a disruption in the oxidant/antioxidant balance, favoring oxidants over the intracellular and extracellular antioxidant scavenging mechanisms. Current research has focused on developing treatment strategies that potentially improve the endogenous antioxidant neuroprotective mechanisms or minimize injury resulting from hypoxia/ischemia. In this narrative review, we aim to present evidence regarding the contribution of oxidant/antioxidant balance to the pathogenesis and progression of perinatal asphyxia. Also, we aim to explore the role of potential antioxidant therapies as promising treatment strategies for perinatal asphyxia, especially as an adjunct to therapeutic hypothermia in infants with perinatal asphyxia. The current literature on antioxidant treatments in newborns is limited; however, allopurinol, melatonin, and erythropoietin have shown some positive effects in clinical trials. Inhibitors of nitric oxide synthase, N-acetylcysteine, and docosahexaenoic acid have shown promising neuroprotective effects in preclinical studies. Finally, nanotherapeutics could potentially modulate oxidative stress in hypoxemic/ischemic brain injury by targeted medication delivery. Future research on neuroprotectants and their processes is warranted to develop innovative treatments for hypoxia/ischemia in clinical practice.

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Antioxidant Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Adjuvant or Future Alternative to Therapeutic Hypothermia?

Notarbartolo,

Badiane,

Angileri

et al. 2024

Metabolites

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Background: Oxidative stress-related diseases in newborns arise from pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance in both term and preterm neonates. Pro-oxidant/antioxidant imbalance has shown to be present in different pathological conditions such as hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE), retinopathy of prematurity (ROP), bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), and patent ductus arteriosus (PDA). Methods and Results: We performed a narrative review according to the most recent available literature (2012–2024), using Scopus and PubMed as electronic databases. Many observational and experimental studies in vitro and in vivo have evaluated the effectiveness of antioxidant therapies such as melatonin, erythropoietin (EPO), allopurinol, N-acetylcisteine (NAS), and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) inhibitors in these diseases. Perinatal asphyxia is one of the most important causes of mortality and morbidity in term and near-term newborns. Therapeutic hypothermia (TH) is the gold standard treatment for neonates with moderate-severe perinatal asphyxia, resulting in a reduction in the mortality and neurodevelopmental disability rates. Conclusions: According to the most recent literature and clinical trials, melatonin, allopurinol, NAS, NOS inhibitors, magnesium sulfate, and stem cells stand out as promising as both adjuvants and future probable alternatives to TH in the treatment of HIE.

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Serum pro-oxidant/antioxidant balance in term versus preterm neonates

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Does Perinatal Intermittent Hypoxia Affect Cerebrovascular Network Development?

Does Perinatal Intermittent Hypoxia Affect Cerebrovascular Network Development?

Balance of Antioxidants vs. Oxidants in Perinatal Asphyxia

Antioxidant Therapy in Neonatal Hypoxic Ischemic Encephalopathy: Adjuvant or Future Alternative to Therapeutic Hypothermia?

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