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A straightforward and effective chromatographic method has been created for the analysis of progesterone from human plasma using a composite based on polypyrrole/magnetic nanoparticles in the sample preparation procedure. The quantification of progesterone is necessary due to its importance in human development and fertility. The employed conditions used acetonitrile:ultrapure water (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase at 1.0 mL min –1 and an octadecyl silane column (Phenomenex Gemini, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a wavelength of 235 nm. The composite and its precursors were synthesized and properly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and point of zero charge. The main factors affecting the extraction recovery of progesterone from pool human plasma samples employing magnetic solid phase extraction have been studied, such as sample pH (without adjustment), sample volume (1000 μL), washing solvent (ultrapure water), eluent (acetonitrile), eluent volume (1000 μL), and amount of adsorbent (10 mg). The extraction recoveries ranged from 98% to 102%, and linearity ranged from 5 to 3000 ng mL –1 . The correlation coefficient ( r ) was ≥0.99, and acceptable relative standard deviation (precision), relative error (accuracy), and p -values (robustness) were observed. Lastly, the plasma samples from pregnant women were successfully analyzed by the validated method.
A straightforward and effective chromatographic method has been created for the analysis of progesterone from human plasma using a composite based on polypyrrole/magnetic nanoparticles in the sample preparation procedure. The quantification of progesterone is necessary due to its importance in human development and fertility. The employed conditions used acetonitrile:ultrapure water (70:30, v/v) as the mobile phase at 1.0 mL min –1 and an octadecyl silane column (Phenomenex Gemini, 250 mm × 4.6 mm, 5 μm) at a wavelength of 235 nm. The composite and its precursors were synthesized and properly characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy/energy dispersive spectroscopy, thermogravimetric analysis, and point of zero charge. The main factors affecting the extraction recovery of progesterone from pool human plasma samples employing magnetic solid phase extraction have been studied, such as sample pH (without adjustment), sample volume (1000 μL), washing solvent (ultrapure water), eluent (acetonitrile), eluent volume (1000 μL), and amount of adsorbent (10 mg). The extraction recoveries ranged from 98% to 102%, and linearity ranged from 5 to 3000 ng mL –1 . The correlation coefficient ( r ) was ≥0.99, and acceptable relative standard deviation (precision), relative error (accuracy), and p -values (robustness) were observed. Lastly, the plasma samples from pregnant women were successfully analyzed by the validated method.
IntroductionEctopic pregnancy (EP) poses significant health risks, particularly in developing nations, necessitating improved diagnostic methods. This study aimed to explore potential biomarkers for EP diagnosis.MethodsA case–control study was conducted at the Sri Ramachandra Institute of Higher Education and Research, Chennai, Tamil Nadu. It included 140 EP cases and 140 pregnant controls, aged 19–38 years, attending routine visits. Serum samples were analysed for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (β-hCG), progesterone, soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1 (sFLT-1) and eight microRNAs (miRs).ResultsDifferential expression of biomarkers was observed in EP cases. Four miRs (hsa-miR-141, hsa-miR-218, hsa-miR-519d and hsa-miR-873) were downregulated, and four miRs (hsa-miR-223, hsa-miR-517a, hsa-miR-523 and hsa-miR-323-3p) were upregulated. Statistically significant expression fold changes were noted (p<0.05), except for hsa-miR-141 and hsa-miR-218. miR-519d exhibited promising diagnostic potential with the highest specificity (97.1%) and a sensitivity of 47.1%. sFLT-1, as an individual marker, demonstrated a sensitivity of 98.6% and a specificity of 90%. The combination of sFLT-1 and miR-519d significantly enhanced the sensitivity to 100% with a specificity of 87.1%.ConclusionsThe combination of miR-519d and sFLT-1 emerges as a promising diagnostic tool for EP, offering a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 87.1%. These findings underscore the potential of biomarker-based approaches in improving EP diagnosis, especially in resource-limited settings. Further validation and clinical implementation studies are warranted to corroborate these findings and enhance EP management strategies.
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