Serum Proteins and Antibody Activity in Human Nasal Secretions *

Remington, Jack S.; Vosti, Kenneth L.; Lietze, Arthur; Zimmerman, Anthony

doi:10.1172/jci105037

Cited by 114 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…A number of investigations have shown that the predominant immunoglobulin in adult nasal secretions is IgA (Remington, Vosti, Lietze & Zimmerman, 1964;Rossen, Schade, Butler & Kasel, 1966). Moreover, antibody activity in adult nasal secretions, following various rhinovirus, influenza and parainfluenza infections, has been predominantly in the IgA fraction (Cate et al 1966;Alford et al 1967;Smith, Bellanti & Chanock, 1967;Perkins et al 1969).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The local antibody response to R.S. virus infection in the respiratory tract

Scott

Gardner

1974

J. Hyg.

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SUMMARYNasopharyngeal secretions were taken during the acute phase of illness from 66 infants and children admitted to hospital with lower respiratory tract infections. Second secretions were taken, after an interval of 7 days, from 33 of these patients. A significant increase in neutralizing activity to R.S. virus was demonstrated in the nasopharyngeal secretions of patients in response to severe R.S. virus infection.Seventeen out of 25 patients (68 %) with R.S. virus infections developed a rise in secretory neutralizing titre, compared with only 1 out of 8 patients (13 %) with respiratory infections not involving R.S. virus.A high titre of secretory neutralizing activity was found more often in the acute phase of illness in patients with R.S. virus infections, especially bronchiolitis, than in patients with respiratory infections not involving R.S. virus. A quantitative analysis of the immunoglobulins present in the secretions indicated that IgA was the only immunoglobulin consistently present at a detectable concentration. The geometric mean values of IgA, IgM and IgG in the secre tions examined were found to be 22-3 ,4 3 and 5-3 mg./100 ml. respectively.The neutralizing activity against R.S. virus, present in the secretions, was shown to be due to specific IgA antibody. This was accomplished by removing the neutralizing activity in two secretions by absorption with anti-IgA serum.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The local antibody response to R.S. virus infection in the respiratory tract

Scott

Gardner

1974

J. Hyg.

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“…Immunoglobulin A (IgA) is the most abundant protein in nasal secretions, and it accounts for up to one-half of the total protein present (1)(2)(3)(4). Over four-fifths of this IgA has been shown to be different from the IgA present in serum in that it has higher molecular weight, predominantly 11 S sedimentation behavior, and the presence of unique antigenic determinants (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although nasal secretions contain small amounts of IgG, the major serum immunoglobulin compo-nent, antibody activity has been most closely associated with IgA (1,6,7). The presence in nasal secretions of IgA-associated antibody directed against certain respiratory viruses has correlated with protection from infection after challenge with homologous strains of virus (8,9).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Mechanism of Appearance of Immunoglobulin A in Nasal Secretions in Man*

Butler¹,

Rossen²,

Waldmann³

1967

J. Clin. Invest.

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Abstract. Experiments were done to investigate mechanisms of appearance of both 7 S and 11 S IgA in nasal secretions. Three IgA preparations, (a) 11 S IgA from nasal secretions, (b) 7 S IgA from homologous serum, and (c) 7 S IgA from autologous serum, were isolated, labeled, and injected intravenously into volunteers. The rate of disappearance from plasma and the extent and nature of their appearance in nasal secretions were examined in detail. After intravenous injection, 11 S IgA from nasal secretions disappeared rapidly from plasma. However, only negligible amounts of 11 S IgA were detected in nasal secretion, which suggested that rapid selective secretion of circulating 11 S IgA does not occur as a mechanism of IgA accumulation in nasal secretions. Both the homologous and autologous 7 S IgA preparations disappeared from plasma at a normal rate, and both appeared in nasal secretions unchanged in sedimentation behavior. The specific activity of IgA in nasal secretions, when related to the total IgA concentration, was about 30-fold less than that in serum. When related to only the 7 S IgA concentration of nasal secretions, the specific activity was about one-half that of serum. These studies are consistent with the following hypotheses: (a) circulating 7 S IgA is a source of part of the 7 S IgA found in nasal secretions. The remainder of the nasal secretion 7 S IgA may be synthesized locally in the tissues of the upper respiratory tract; (b) 11 S IgA in nasal secretions is not assembled from serum 7 S IgA components; and (c) 11 S IgA in nasal secretions is synthesized de novo in the tissues of the upper respiratory tract.

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“…Since protection was most clearly seen in individuals with relatively high titers of nasal antibody, and since yA-globulin is known to be selectively accumulated in nasal secretion (5,6), it seems possible that local concentrations of antibody globulin may be determined by at least two distinct but interrelated processes, 1) those concerned with synthesis of specific immunoglobulin, and 2) those involved in its delivery into the nasal secretions. The present investigation explores mechanisms involved in the delivery of immunoglobulin by examining the relationship between the mucus content and the concentrations of yA-globulin, -yG-globulin, albumin, siderophilin, and total protein in nasal washings from normal volunteers.…”

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confidence: 99%

The proteins in nasal secretion: a longitudinal study of the gammaA-globulin, gammaG-globulin, albumin, siderophilin, and total protein concentrations in nasal washings from adult male volunteers.

Rossen¹,

Schade²,

Butler³

et al. 1966

J. Clin. Invest.

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The long-standing observations that respiratory secretions contain virus-neutralizing substances (1-3) have recently been extended by the demonstration that antibody activity associated with the yA-globulin in nasal secretion may protect against respiratory virus infection (4). Since protection was most clearly seen in individuals with relatively high titers of nasal antibody, and since yA-globulin is known to be selectively accumulated in nasal secretion (5, 6), it seems possible that local concentrations of antibody globulin may be determined by at least two distinct but interrelated processes, 1) those concerned with synthesis of specific immunoglobulin, and 2) those involved in its delivery into the nasal secretions. The present investigation explores mechanisms involved in the delivery of immunoglobulin by examining the relationship between the mucus content and the concentrations of yA-globulin, -yG-globulin, albumin, siderophilin, and total protein in nasal washings from normal volunteers.MethodsClinical and laboratory evaluation of volunteers. Subjects were 15 adult males who participated in an adenovirus vaccine trial and were not inoculated with live respiratory viruses. Throat and rectal swab specimens for virus isolation and nasopharyngeal swab specimens * Submitted for publication November 22, 1965; ac-cepted January 26, 1966. An abstract of some of the findings has been published (Clin. Res. 1965, 13, 298 for bacterial culture were collected and processed by previously described methods (7).Method of collecting nasal washings. The method of performing nasal washes has been described (6). In brief, it required instillation of 10 ml of lactated Ringer's solution into the nasal passages, homogenization of the effluent, and separation of the soluble portion from the mucus and cellular debris by centrifugation. The volumes of the mucoid sediment and the supernatant were measured, and the two were stored separately at -600 C. All studies of nasal wash protein constituents were done on the supernatants.Protein determinations. Total protein concentration was determined by the biuret method (8). Protein nitrogen contents of several samples were also tested by digestion and nesslerization. Total protein values (N X 6.25) by this technique were one and, one-half to two times as great as those obtained by the biuret method. A single pool of nasal washings from five volunteers, on the other hand, showed identical protein concentrations by biuret and micro-Kjeldahl methods (N X 6.25).Concentrations of oyA-globulin, -yG-globulin, and albumin were determined by the single radial diffusion method in agar (9). The following conditions were observed.Antiserum was brought to the appropriate dilution in 0.2 M sodium phosphate buffer, pH 8, and incorporated into a 1% agar layer 1.5 mm thick. The antigen was allowed to diffuse at 4 to 60 C from wells 1.5 mm in diameter. At the end of the incubation period, the diameter of the leading edge of the precipitin ring surrounding the well was read to the nearest 0.1 mm. Serial ...

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Serum Proteins and Antibody Activity in Human Nasal Secretions *

Cited by 114 publications

References 24 publications

The local antibody response to R.S. virus infection in the respiratory tract

The local antibody response to R.S. virus infection in the respiratory tract

The Mechanism of Appearance of Immunoglobulin A in Nasal Secretions in Man*

The proteins in nasal secretion: a longitudinal study of the gammaA-globulin, gammaG-globulin, albumin, siderophilin, and total protein concentrations in nasal washings from adult male volunteers.

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