Serum CCL11 (eotaxin‐1) and CCL17 (TARC) are serological indicators of multiple helminth infections and are driven by Schistosoma mansoni infection in humans

Abstract

Abstractobjectives To evaluate systemic serum cytokine and chemokine markers for inflammation and Th1/ Th2 responses in relation to multiple helminth infections, parasite burden and/or nutritional status of individuals.methods In a longitudinal study, stool samples from 210 individuals from an area highly endemic for Ascaris lumbricoides, Necator americanus and Schistosoma mansoni were examined before and 12 months after clearance of parasites by chemotherapy. On both occasions, the presence of monoor multiple infections and intensities of infection were compared with nutritional parameters and with serum cytokines or chemokines as markers for inflammatory, regulatory or Th1-or Th2-type immune responses.results Before treatment, we were not able to associate any altered nutritional parameters with increased inflammatory responses, and highest intensities of infection were found in eutrophic participants with multiple infections. In contrast, major changes in serum Th2-type chemokine levels were measured in individuals infected with intestinal helminths and/or S. mansoni, and resulted in significantly higher CCL11 and CCL17 concentrations, both before treatment and after reinfection.conclusions The driving force for these elevated type 2 serum chemokine concentrations was an S. mansoni infection and faecal egg counts significantly correlated with serum IL-10 concentrations.

HBV promotes the recruitment of IL‐17 secreting T cells via chemokines CCL22 and CCL17

“…Furthermore, the expression levels of the chemokines CCL17 and CCL22 were positively correlated with the HBV DNA load. This finding was also consistent with those of previous reports 35,36 . However, a previous study reported that the frequency of Th17 cells and the levels of IL‐17 increased with the mitigation of liver inflammation and the decline in HBV DNA load and that the Treg/Th17 ratio decreased 37 .…”

Transcriptional immune response in mesenteric lymph nodes in pigs with different levels of resistance to Ascaris suum

“…Dawson et al (2009) reported significant higher CCL17 expression on day 7 PI in liver tissue of pigs given retinoic acid and infected with A. suum than in uninfected controls; however, to our knowledge, a significant upregulation due to A. suum infection alone has not previously been demonstrated for this chemokine. In agreement with our results, Geiger et al (2013) found infection with helminths was associated with higher CCL17 concentration in human serum and Burke et al (2011) reported higher CCL17 expression in lungs of Schistosoma japonicum-infected mice compared with uninfected controls.…”

Schistosoma mansoni PCR+-infected individuals in the Sudan present elevated systemic levels of chemokines when compared to uninfected and egg+ cohorts

“…This correlates with the earlier findings from Geiger et al . [31], who showed elevated levels of CCL11 in serum samples of egg + individuals from Brazil. This group, however, found no differences in CXCL10 levels, whereas our data showed significantly lower levels of this chemokine in egg + individuals when compared to both other groups, and was significantly associated with an uninfected state in our expanded regression analyses (Supporting information, Table S2).…”