Serum sex hormone-binding globulin during puberty in girls and in different types of adolescent menstrual cycles

Apter, Dan; Bolton, N. J.; Hammond, G L; Vihko, R

doi:10.1530/acta.0.1070413

Cited by 74 publications

(37 citation statements)

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“…In the study by Apter et al (1984) of factors affecting SHBG, the average SHBG concentration at 10.0 to 15.9 years of age was lower in girls with menarche before 13 than in girls with a later menarche, and the early pubertal decrease in SHBG (see Lindstedt et al, 1985) began sooner in girls with relatively early menarche. However, by 16 years of age the difference in SHBG was only 4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex hormone binding globulin and risk factors for breast cancer in a population of normal women who had never used exogenous sex hormones

Moore

Key²,

Bulbrook³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

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Summary Sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) concentrations were measured by immunoradiometric assay in serum samples from 1,221 healthy female volunteers aged 34-79 who had never used oral contraceptives or hormone replacement therapy, had no history of thyroid disease or cancer, and had not used any drugs known to influence SHBG in the 14 days preceding blood sampling. There were 616 premenopausal and 605 naturally postmenopausal women. In both premenopausal and postmenopausal women, SHBG decreased with increasing weight (Quetelet's Index) and was lower in single nulliparous women than in married nulliparous women or parous women. In premenopausal women, SHBG was higher in women with late menarche, was higher in smokers than in non-smokers, and was higher in blood samples taken during the first 12 days of the luteal phase than during the rest of the menstrual cycle. In postmenopausal women, SHBG increased with years since the menopause. The possible biological importance of these findings is discussed with particular reference to risk factors for breast cancer.There is evidence that the risk of developing breast cancer is enhanced by increased exposure of breast epithelial cells to oestradiol (E2) (Henderson et al., 1982). The amount of E2 which reaches breast cells is determined by the concentration of E2 in the plasma and by the proportion of this E2 which is able to leave the plasma and enter the cells. About 98% of plasma E2 is bound either to albumin or to sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG). Anderson (1974) argued that only the small percentage of E2 which is not bound to albumin or to SHBG (i.e. the free E2 fraction) is able to cross cell membranes, but there is some evidence that E2 bound to albumin may also be biologically active (Pardridge, 1981). SHBG concentration is a major determinant of the proportions of E2 bound to SHBG, bound to albumin, and free (Siiteri et al., 1981). Severaf studies have included measurements of E2 binding and of the concentration (or binding capacity) of SHBG in breast cancer cases and controls. In most of these studies, and in one prospective study, women with breast cancer and women who were later diagnosed with the disease were found to have a higher percentage of free E2 than controls. This difference was often accompanied by a low SHBG concentration or SHBG binding capacity, and by an increase in the percentage of albumin bound E2 (see Moore et al., 1986).The mechanism of action of most of the known breast cancer risk factors (in particular, the reproductive and menstrual risk factors) is poorly understood. Bernstein et al. (1985) reported that SHBG binding capacity is higher in parous than in nulliparous women, and suggested that this difference in SHBG might be one mechanism by which parity reduces the risk of breast cancer. It is possible that other risk factors for breast cancer may also modify risk because they are related to SHBG. To investigate this we have measured the SHBG concentration in serum samples from almost 5,000 women living on the island of Guernsey...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 92%

Sex hormone binding globulin and risk factors for breast cancer in a population of normal women who had never used exogenous sex hormones

Moore

Key²,

Bulbrook³

et al. 1987

Br J Cancer

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“…Similar findings were apparent during late adolescence. 36 It is well known that steroid hormones affect the developing brain, resulting in gender differences in brain structure and function. Estrogen also is thought to have neuroprotective effects, 37 possibly through its antioxidant properties or through activation of growth-signaling pathways, and women have been shown to recover more fully than men after traumatic brain injury.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of brain tumors in adult females

Hatch

Linet

Zhang

et al. 2005

Intl Journal of Cancer

138

170

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Causes of brain tumors are largely unknown, and there is an urgent need to identify possible risk factors. Several observations point to a possible role of reproductive hormones, but few epidemiologic studies have examined whether reproductive factors, such as age at menarche and parity, are associated with brain tumor risk. We conducted a multi-center case-control study of newly diagnosed glioma (n = 212) and meningioma (n = 151) and frequency-matched controls (n = 436) in women from hospitals in Phoenix, Arizona; Boston, Massachusetts; and Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania between 1994 and 1998. Research nurses interviewed patients regarding potential risk factors for brain tumors, including reproductive factors and hormone use. Unconditional logistic regression analyses were used to calculate odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Risk of glioma increased with older age at menarche [OR = 1.90 (95% CI = 1.09-3.32) for age at menarche > or =14 vs. <12 years]. Early age at first birth was associated with reduced risk of glioma [OR = 0.43 (95% CI = 0.23-0.83) for a first birth before age 20 vs. nulliparity], but there was little effect of number of births. Exogenous hormone use was also associated with a lower risk of glioma, but risks did not vary systematically according to duration of use or age at first use. Possibly owing to low statistical power, there were few noteworthy associations between meningioma and reproductive factors, other than a nonsignificant (p = 0.09) trend of increasing risk with increasing age at menopause. The findings suggest that hormonal exposures early in life may be associated with risk of glioma, but the evidence is inconsistent and does not point clearly to a specific causal or protective hypothesis.

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“…The regulation of SHBG levels seems to be inversely correlated to the activity of the GH-IGF axis, since low SHBG levels are observed during puberty concomitant with an increase in GH and IGF-I (21,22). Furthermore, SHBG levels are increased in GHD children and decrease during GH replacement therapy (22).…”

Section: Figurementioning

confidence: 99%

Impact of gender and androgen status on IGF-I levels in normal and GH-deficient adults

Fisker

Jørgensen

Vahl

et al. 1999

European Journal of Endocrinology

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Objective: The regulation of IGF-I levels is complex and not only dependent on GH status, as the diagnostic sensitivity of serum IGF-I levels for GH deficiency (GHD) in adults is low. Other GH-related parameters have so far not proven to be of additional diagnostic value in GHD adults. In the present study we evaluated the impact of gender and androgen status on IGF-I levels and the diagnostic value of IGF-I and GH-related parameters in a population of adult hypopituitary patients and age-and gender-matched healthy subjects. Design: A cross-sectional study.

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Serum sex hormone-binding globulin during puberty in girls and in different types of adolescent menstrual cycles

Cited by 74 publications

References 0 publications

Sex hormone binding globulin and risk factors for breast cancer in a population of normal women who had never used exogenous sex hormones

Sex hormone binding globulin and risk factors for breast cancer in a population of normal women who had never used exogenous sex hormones

Reproductive and hormonal factors and risk of brain tumors in adult females

Impact of gender and androgen status on IGF-I levels in normal and GH-deficient adults

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