Serum sex hormones and endurance performance after a lacto-ovo vegetarian and a mixed diet

Raben, Anne; Kiens, Bente; Rasmussen, Lone Banke; Svenstrup, Birgit; Micic, S.; Bennett, Paul

doi:10.1249/00005768-199211000-00015

Cited by 50 publications

(38 citation statements)

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“…Results from this study indicated that regardless of meal size or macronutrient content, testosterone levels decreased immediately following the meal. Similar and mixed results have been reported for testosterone in other studies examining chronic dietary interventions that manipulate macronutrient content [81][82][83]. From a collective review of literature pertaining to the influence of macronutrient mix on circulating testosterone, it appears that increased carbohydrate intake [84] and increased saturated fat intake [85] yield increases in testosterone.…”

Section: Nutrient Intakesupporting

confidence: 63%

Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary Supplements

Gunnels¹

2014

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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Low circulating testosterone levels can present numerous problems related to the overall health and well-being of individuals, men in particular. This finding is well-documented in the literature and low testosterone appears more prevalent in older men, in particular those who are physically inactive and who present with elevated levels of body fat. Multiple botanical (herbal) products have been claimed to elevate circulating testosterone in men; however, data pertaining to the use of such herbal preparations obtained from human clinical trials are limited. This review examines the research to date pertaining to the use of herbal ingredients with regards to their ability to elevate blood testosterone levels. A collective summary of the findings indicate that certain herbal supplements may actually yield an increase in testosterone (e.g., Longjack root), while most others have little to no evidence in support of their use in human subjects. Additional, well-controlled clinical trials are needed to generate data relative to the use of herbal dietary supplements to increase circulating testosterone. Testosterone is generally measured as either "free" (unbound) or "total" (unbound and chemically bound). Men who have a morning serum testosterone level < 300 ng/dL are considered to be "low" and may be a candidate for testosterone replacement therapy-which has become more common in recent years due to the increased diagnosis of andropause [55]. Insufficient levels of testosterone due to either impaired production or uptake can present serious health consequences due to the wide array of applications of testosterone within the human body. Areas including skeletal muscle health, muscular strength, and overall well-being/vitality seem to be significantly affected by testosterone status. Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary SupplementsTrintThe role of testosterone in muscle growth has been investigated extensively in both humans and animals [56][57][58][59][60][61][62]. One study in men concluded that the testosterone-induced increase in muscle volume is due to muscle fiber hypertrophy [63]. A follow-up study conducted a year later noted muscle hypertrophy in men over a period of 20 weeks of treatment with a gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist and a 125-, 300-, or 600-mg weekly dose of testosterone enanthate. The main findings from this study indicated that testosterone administration was associated with a significant increase in myonuclear number in men receiving the 300-and 600-mg doses.Muscular strength is another important factor that has been shown to be affected by testosterone levels in the body [56,61,62,[64][65][66]. A recent investigation utilized 267 men with stages 2-4 of Chronic Kidney Disease to assess the impact of testosterone level on a variety of variables [64]. This study found that testosterone was significantly and independently associated with handgrip strength, muscle mass, and nutritional status as the disease progressed. Another study explored short-term testoste...

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Section: Nutrient Intakesupporting

confidence: 63%

Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary Supplements

Gunnels¹

2014

J Plant Biochem Physiol

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“…Although the effects are modest, men on vegetarian diets experience lower nocturnal testosterone profiles compared to nonvegetarian controls (Hill and Wynder, 1979). Similar findings were noted in athletic men (Raben et al, 1992). Specific micronutrients such as dietary zinc do seem to impact male HPT function during periods of deficiencies.…”

Section: Pollution and Nutrientsmentioning

confidence: 54%

Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male

Bribiescas

2001

Am. J. Phys. Anthropol.

211

117

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Until recently, the reproductive ecology of human males has not been extensively investigated, primarily as a result of the need for a theoretical framework based on the reproductive constraints and energetics of mammalian males. More specifically, male reproductive ecology has necessitated an integrative interpretation of clinical and anthropological data based on the premise that the evolution of human male life histories has involved selection for physiological mechanisms aimed at optimizing trade-offs between survivorship and reproductive effort. This paper attempts to address this gap in our understanding by presenting the current state of male reproductive ecology, including physiologic data from clinical and anthropological investigations as well as recent theoretical developments. Recent investigations outlining population variation in reproductive endocrine function are discussed within the context of potential sources of variation, including energetic expediture, caloric intake, and developmental canalization during adolescence. Additional summaries of male senescence and behavior are presented to provide a complete overview of male life history. Implications of recent anthropological data on contemporary health issues such as prostate cancer and the development of a male contraceptive are also discussed. Finally, several theories are presented that may contribute to our understanding of the evolution of male life histories and reproductive ecology, including theoretical suggestions involving the role of competition, mate choosiness, and potential constraints on male insemination ability, as well as a theory suggesting that male reproductive ecology may be best understood by analyzing energetic allocation decisions between differing somatic tissues that may be indicative of the competing needs for optimizing survivorship and reproductive effort. Directions for future research are finally considered.

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“…For instance, several papers examined muscular power and strength (Campbell et al, 1999;Haub et al, 2005;Wells et al, 2003), four assessed anaerobic and aerobic performance (Baguet et al, 2011;Hanne et al, 1986;Hietavala et al, 2012;Raben et al, 1992) whilst one investigated immune parameters (Richter et al, 1991) in relation to a vegetarian-based diet. In addition, most papers used different physical testing and/or biomarkers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition—Comparing Physical Performance

Craddock¹,

Probst²,

Peoples³

2016

International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism

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Humans consuming vegetarian-based diets are observed to have reduced relative risk for many chronic diseases. Similarly, regular physical activity has also been shown to assist in preventing, and reducing the severity of these conditions. Many people, including athletes, acknowledge these findings and are adopting a vegetarian-based diet to improve their health status. Furthermore, athletes are incorporating this approach with the specific aim of optimising physical performance. To examine the evidence for the relationship between consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet and improved physical performance a systematic literature review was performed using the SCOPUS database. No date parameters were set. The keywords; vegetarian* OR vegan* AND sport* OR athlete* OR training OR performance OR endurance' were used to identify relevant literature. Included studies; (i) directly compared a vegetarian-based diet to an omnivorous/ mixed diet, (ii) directly assessed physical performance, not biomarkers of physical performance, (iii) did not use supplementation emulating a vegetarian diet. Reference lists were hand searched for additional studies.Seven randomised controlled trials and one cross-sectional study met the inclusion criteria. No distinguished differences between vegetarian-based diets and omnivorous mixed diets were identified when physical performance was compared. Consuming a predominately vegetarian-based diet did not improve nor hinder performance in athletes. However, with only 8 studies identified, with substantial variability amongst the studies' experimental designs, aims and outcomes, further research is warranted However, with only 8 studies identified, with substantial variability amongst the 3 studies' experimental designs, aims and outcomes, further research is warranted.

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Serum sex hormones and endurance performance after a lacto-ovo vegetarian and a mixed diet

Cited by 50 publications

References 0 publications

Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary Supplements

Increasing Circulating Testosterone: Impact of Herbal Dietary Supplements

Reproductive ecology and life history of the human male

Vegetarian and Omnivorous Nutrition—Comparing Physical Performance

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