Serum testosterone fractions in women: Normal and abnormal clinical states

Luthold, W; Borges, Maria F.; Marcondes, José Antônio Miguel; Hakohyama, Marina; Wajchenberg, B. L.; Kirschner, Martin

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(93)90224-c

Cited by 23 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…In female patients, the free oestrogen index is low normal. This may be explained by the higher affinity of SHBG to testosterone (50%±80% of all T is SHBG-bound) (Luthold et al, 1993) than to E2 (40%) (Batrinos, 1982;Dunn et al, 1981). To estimate the proportion Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of hyperthyroidism on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Zähringer

Tomova²,

Werder³

et al. 2000

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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We have investigated the function of the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (H-P-G)-axis in patients with severe, untreated Graves' disease. We studied 7 male and 6 female healthy volunteers, and 7 male and 7 female patients with Graves' disease. Hormone profiles were developed by blood sampling every 10 min for an 8 hour period. In women this was done in the early follicular phase of menstrual cycle. LH-, FSH-, and PRL levels were measured using immunoradiometric assays and testosterone (T), estradiol (E2), sex-hormone binding globulin (SHBG), and progesterone (P) were measured with standard assays. The pulsatility of LH, FSH and PRL was calculated using the programmes Pulsar, Cluster and Desade. The temporal relationship of plasma LH, FSH, and PRL pulses was also investigated using specific concordance analysis. Data were evaluated by means of non-parametric statistics. LH-secretion was increased in all hyperthyroid patients, while FSH-secretion was increased in hyperthyroid men only. Pulsatile characteristics of LH- and FSH-secretion (frequency, peak shape) in patients were not different from controls. No change in PRL-secretion was shown. Significant copulsatility occurred between LH and FSH, and LH and PRL. This was more pronounced in hyperthyroid than in healthy study subjects. Plasma levels of steroid hormones and sex-hormone-binding globulin were significantly (p<0.005) increased in hyperthyroid men. Free Androgen Index was significantly (p<0.005) decreased in hyperthyroid males. No other auto immune diseases were noticed. Our results indicate that the function of the H-P-G axis is not impaired in hyperthyroid patients, but gonadotropin levels are increased. Hyperthyroid men show relative primary gonadal insufficiency that may be due to exaggerated SHBG levels. The copulsatility of LH and FSH, and of LH and PRL was confirmed both in patients and controls.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The influence of hyperthyroidism on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis

Zähringer

Tomova²,

Werder³

et al. 2000

Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes

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“…For example, increased free testosterone (FT), the bioactive form of testosterone, was observed in women with premenstrual syndrome (PMS) (9) and in depressed women (10, 11). In contrast, healthy women without PMS were found to have decreased free testosterone levels premenstrually (12). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

A Comparison of Second and Third Generations Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills’ Effect on Mood

Shahnazi

Khalili

Kochaksaraei

et al. 2014

Iran Red Crescent Med J

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Background:Most women taking combined oral contraceptives (COCs) are satisfied with their contraceptive method. However, one of the most common reasons reported for discontinuation of combined oral contraceptives (COCs) is mood deterioration.Objectives:This study aimed to compare effects of the second and third generation oral contraceptive pills on the mood of reproductive women.Materials and Methods:This randomized, double-blind, controlled clinical trial was conducted in reproductive women at health centers in Tehran, Iran. Participants were randomized into the second and third generation oral contraceptive groups. Positive and negative moods were recorded using positive affect, negative affect scale (PANAS) tools at the end the second and fourth months of the study. Data analysis was carried out using ANOVA and P Values < 0.05 was considered significant.Results:Statistically significant difference was seen in positive and negative mood changes in women receiving contraceptive pills. The second generation oral contraceptive pills resulted in a decrease in positive mood (95% CI: 43.39 to 38.32 in second month and 43.39 to 26.05 in four month) and increase in negative mood (95% CI: 14.23 to 22.04 in second month and 14.23 to 32.26 in four month - P < 0.001), but the third generation led to an increase in positive mood (95% CI: 22.42 to 25.60 in second month and 22.42 to 33.87 in four month) and decrease in negative mood (95% CI: 36.78 to 31.97 in second month and 36.78 to 22.65 in four month - P < 0.001).Conclusions:Third generation combined oral contraceptive pills have a better effect on mood in women in reproductive ages than the second generation pills. It can be recommended as a proper combined oral contraceptive in Iran.

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“…55 This was attributed to increase of catabolism of testosterone induced by EI-AEDs to E 2 by aromatase enzyme resulting in higher levels of sex hormone binding globulin (SHBG) and E 2 . 56 In addition, EI-AEDs may enhance the binding of testosterone to SHBG and thus lower free testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels resulting in lower seizure threshold. 46 E 2 has hippocampal damaging effect.…”

Section: Testosterone and Its Metabolitesmentioning

confidence: 99%