Serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles in dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy control dogs

Abstract

Background Previous studies have reported an association between hyperlipidemia and pancreatitis in dogs, but details of this association remain poorly defined. Hypothesis/Objectives To compare serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations and lipoprotein profiles between dogs with naturally occurring pancreatitis and healthy dogs. Animals Seventeen dogs with a clinical diagnosis of pancreatitis (Group 1) and 53 healthy control dogs (Group 2). Methods Prospective case‐control study. Results In Group 1, 3/17 dogs (18%) had hypertriglyceridemia whereas in Group 2, 4/53 dogs (7.5%) had hypertriglyceridemia (odds ratio [OR], 2.63; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.52‐13.14; P = .35). A significant difference was found in serum triglyceride concentrations between Group 1 (median, 67 mg/dL) and Group 2 (median, 54 mg/dL; P = .002). In Group 1, 4/17 dogs (24%) had hypercholesterolemia, whereas 1/53 (1.9%) dogs in Group 2 had hypercholesterolemia (OR, 16; 95% CI, 1.64‐155.5; P = .01). No significant difference was found in serum cholesterol concentrations between Group 1 (median, 209 mg/dL) and Group 2 (median, 227 mg/dL; P = .56). Lipoprotein profiles were significantly different between Group 1 and Group 2 dogs (Eigenvalues, 0.6719; R2 = 1.0; P = .001). Conclusions and Clinical Importance Most dogs with pancreatitis (>70%) had serum triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations within reference intervals. In the small percentage of dogs that had hypertriglyceridemia, hypercholesterolemia, or both, increases were mild. Important differences were identified in lipoprotein profiles between dogs with pancreatitis and healthy control dogs. Dogs with pancreatitis had higher low‐density lipoprotein fractions and lower triglyceride‐rich lipoprotein and high‐density lipoprotein fractions than healthy dogs.

Evaluation of 1,2-O-dilauryl-rac-glycero glutaric acid-(6′-methylresorufin) ester (DGGR) and 1,2-diglyceride lipase assays in dogs with naturally occurring hypercortisolism

“…44 Another study reported that, after excluding patients with secondary hyperlipidemia, >70% of the dogs with AP had triglyceride and cholesterol concentrations within RIs, supporting the hypothesis that hyperlipidemia is not a common consequence of AP. 41 The data available from the dogs with HC enrolled in our study were insufficient to evaluate an association between DGGR lipase activity elevation and dyslipidemia.…”

Progression of lipase activity and pancreatic lipase immunoreactivity in dogs hospitalized for acute pancreatitis and correlation with clinical features

“…Disease duration before presentation often is not described in dogs with pancreatitis. Most publications do not mention duration of clinical signs before the presentation 1,3,5,9,12,15,16,29‐40 . Some studies included dogs with a predefined disease duration, but did not report the actual duration of clinical signs 6,41,42 .…”

“…Most publications do not mention duration of clinical signs before the presentation. 1 , 3 , 5 , 9 , 12 , 15 , 16 , 29 , 30 , 31 , 32 , 33 , 34 , 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 , 40 Some studies included dogs with a predefined disease duration, but did not report the actual duration of clinical signs. 6 , 41 , 42 Some studies consider acute as short as 2 days, 43 others consider 10 days, 6 2 weeks, 41 or 3 weeks 44 as acute.…”

New insights into the etiology, risk factors, and pathogenesis of pancreatitis in dogs: Potential impacts on clinical practice

“…Diabetes mellitus, 12,24,25ac Hereditary/breed predispositions SPINK 1 mutation, 26,27b Acute: Terrier breeds, miniature poodles, dachshunds, cocker spaniel, Alaskan malamute, laika, miniature schnauzer 12,[28][29][30][31] Chronic: Cavalier King Charles spaniel, collies, boxers 32 Lipid disorders Hypertriglyceridemia 28,29,33 Miscellaneous Babesiosis [34][35][36] Canine monocytic ehrlichiosis 37 Schistosomiasis (Heterobilharzia americana) [38][39][40] Honeybee envenomation 41 Organic acidemias 42 Immunoglobulin G4-related disease 43,44 Increasing age 12 Obesity/overweight status 5,12 Neutered status 5,12 Previous surgery 5 Hepatitis/cholangitis 45 Note: Potential risk factors for AP in dogs. Many of these factors are implied by a temporal association alone and causation has not been established for many of these factors.…”