Serum tumor markers and their utilization in the management of germ-cell tumors in adult males

Salem, Mohamed E.; Gilligan, Timothy D.

doi:10.1586/era.10.219

Cited by 28 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…When patients with a histologically "pure" seminoma have an elevated level of AFP, it is generally interpreted as meaning the tumor is a mixed GCT and that undetected nonseminomatous elements are present in addition to the seminoma. 13,[19][20][21] However, a small number of people have a chronically elevated serum AFP level, and clinicians should be cautious about starting treatment for a mildly elevated but stable AFP level. In addition, other tumors such as hepatocellular carcinoma and gastric carcinomas can cause AFP elevation.…”

Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Gilligan

Lin

Aggarwal

et al. 2019

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network

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229

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Testicular cancer is relatively uncommon and accounts for ,1% of all male tumors. However, it is the most common solid tumor in men between the ages of 20 and 34 years, and the global incidence has been steadily rising over the past several decades. Several risk factors for testicular cancer have been identified, including personal or family history of testicular cancer and cryptorchidism. Testicular germ cell tumors (GCTs) comprise 95% of malignant tumors arising in the testes and are categorized into 2 main histologic subtypes: seminoma and nonseminoma. Although nonseminoma is the more clinically aggressive tumor subtype, 5-year survival rates exceed 70% with current treatment options, even in patients with advanced or metastatic disease. Radical inguinal orchiectomy is the primary treatment for most patients with testicular GCTs. Postorchiectomy management is dictated by stage, histology, and risk classification; treatment options for nonseminoma include surveillance, systemic therapy, and nervesparing retroperitoneal lymph node dissection. Although rarely occurring, prognosis for patients with brain metastases remains poor, with .50% of patients dying within 1 year of diagnosis. This selection from the NCCN Guidelines for Testicular Cancer focuses on recommendations for the management of adult patients with nonseminomatous GCTs.

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Section: Overviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Testicular Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Gilligan

Lin

Aggarwal

et al. 2019

Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network

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229

233

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“…TGCC subtypes have distinct histopathological and molecular marker profiles used in research and diagnosis [1,2,[13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27]. For follow-up, serum markers Alpha Feto-Protein (AFP), human Chorionic Gonadotrophine (hCG) and in a limited fashion Lactate DeHydrogenase 1 (LDH-1) are currently used, although they have limited specificity and are not sensitive for detecting TGCC stem cell components (SE or EC) or their precursor lesion CIS [4,[28][29][30]. Novel diagnostic strategies include immunohistochemical analysis of semen in search of CIS which has shown high specificity, but low sensitivity, warranting further investigation and optimization [31][32][33][34].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An oncofetal and developmental perspective on testicular germ cell cancer

Rijlaarsdam

Looijenga

2014

Seminars in Cancer Biology

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“…A number of serum markers are available for GCC follow‐up, including α‐fetoprotein (AFP), human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), and to a lesser extend lactate dehydrogenase (von Eyben et al ., ; Horwich et al ., ; Sturgeon et al ., ; Salem & Gilligan, ). Approximately 80% of the NS and 20% of the SE show increased levels of these markers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of known and novel germ cell cancer‐specific (embryonic) miRs in serum by high‐throughput profiling

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY microRNAs (miRs) are short non-coding RNA molecules (%21 nucleotides) involved in regulation of translation. As such they are crucial for normal cell development and differentiation as well as cellular maintenance. Dysregulation of miRs has been reported in various diseases, including cancer. Interestingly, miRs can be informative as tumor classifiers and disease biomarkers. Recent studies demonstrated the presence of miRs in body fluids like serum, thus providing a putative non-invasive tool to study and monitor disease state. Earlier targeted studies by several independent groups identified specific embryonic miRs as characteristic for germ cell tumors (GCT) (miR-371-2-3 & miR-302/367 clusters). This study reports a high-throughput miR profiling (%750 miRs) approach on serum from testicular germ cell tumor patients (14 seminoma and 10 non-seminoma) and controls (n = 11), aiming at independent identification of miRs as candidate biomarkers for testicular GCT. A magnetic bead capture system was used to isolate miRs from serum. Subsequently, the TaqMan Array Card 3.0 platform was used for profiling. The previously identified miRs 371 and 372 were confirmed to be specifically elevated in serum from germ cell tumor patients. In addition, several novels miRs were identified that were discriminative between germ cell cancer and controls: miR-511, -26b, -769, -23a, -106b, -365, -598, -340, and let-7a. In conclusion, this study validates the power of the embryonic miRs 371 and 372 in detecting malignant GCT (SE and NS) based on serum miR levels and identifies several potential novel miR targets.

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Serum tumor markers and their utilization in the management of germ-cell tumors in adult males

Cited by 28 publications

References 8 publications

Testicular Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

Testicular Cancer, Version 2.2020, NCCN Clinical Practice Guidelines in Oncology

An oncofetal and developmental perspective on testicular germ cell cancer

Identification of known and novel germ cell cancer‐specific (embryonic) miRs in serum by high‐throughput profiling

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