Serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of over a million participants

Rahimi-Sakak, Fatemeh; Maroofi, Mahsa; Rahmani, Jamal; Bellissimo, Nick; Hekmatdoost, Azita

doi:10.1186/s12872-019-1215-z

Cited by 115 publications

(86 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…[6][7][8][9][10] Whether urate elevation is involved in the pathogenesis of comorbidities seen in gout is still a debated issue, but an increasing number of epidemiological studies have found hyperuricemia as an independent risk factor for gout comorbidities: A meta-analysis including cohorts of over a million subjects shows serum urate levels to increase cardiovascular mortality risk in a dose-dependent manner, and experimental animal models show positive correlation between urate levels, arterial hypertension, and insulin resistance, with reversal of manifestation upon lowering and inhibition of urate. [6][7][8]120,121 The common link in all these diseases is the presence of sterile inflammation, with overlapping mechanisms involved in their pathogenesis. The NLRP3 pathway, associated with MSU-induced inflammation, has also been described in atherosclerosis and metabolic syndrome.…”

Section: G Out a S A Model Of Mal Adap Tive Immune Prog R Ammingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urate‐induced immune programming: Consequences for gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia

Cabău

Crişan

Klück

et al. 2019

Immunological Reviews

166

110

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Trained immunity is a process in which innate immune cells undergo functional reprogramming in response to pathogens or damage‐associated molecules leading to an enhanced non‐specific immune response to subsequent stimulation. While this capacity to respond more strongly to stimuli is beneficial for host defense, in some circumstances it can lead to maladaptive programming and chronic inflammation. Gout is characterized by persistent low‐grade inflammation and is associated with an increased number of comorbidities. Hyperuricemia is the main risk factor for gout and is linked to the development of comorbidities. Several experimental studies have shown that urate can mechanistically alter the inflammatory capacity of myeloid cells, while observational studies have indicated an association of hyperuricemia to a wide spectrum of common adult inflammatory diseases. In this review, we argue that hyperuricemia is a main culprit in the development of the long‐term systemic inflammation seen in gout. We revisit existing evidence for urate‐induced transcriptional and epigenetic reprogramming that could lead to an altered functional state of circulating monocytes consisting in enhanced responsiveness and maladaptive immune responses. By discussing specific functional adaptations of monocytes and macrophages induced by soluble urate or monosodium urate crystals and their contribution to inflammation in vitro and in vivo, we further enforce that urate is a metabolite that can induce innate immune memory and we discuss future research and possible new therapeutic approaches for gout and its comorbidities.

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Section: G Out a S A Model Of Mal Adap Tive Immune Prog R Ammingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Urate‐induced immune programming: Consequences for gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia

Cabău

Crişan

Klück

et al. 2019

Immunological Reviews

166

110

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Many studies have consistently shown that elevated uric acid levels are correlated with lower risk of PD in white men [29]. African Americans have significantly higher uric acid levels than white persons, however the relationship between uric acid levels and PD development in African Americans has not been clearly established [30].…”

Section: Phenotypic Differencesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Parkinson’s Disease in African Americans: A Review of the Current Literature

Bailey

Anderson

Hall

2020

JPD

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Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease, though evidence suggests that this disorder does not affect all racial groups similarly. Research in African Americans, in particular, has been conflicting. Some studies have found similar prevalence rates in African Americans and whites whereas other studies have found much lower prevalence and incidence rates in African Americans. A few studies identify potential factors underlying these discrepancies, including biologic differences as well as disparities in healthcare access. However, African Americans remain underrepresented in research studies, which make understanding the underlying reasons for these differences difficult. The purpose of this paper is to summarize existing research in African Americans with PD, highlight some of the reasons why differences exist in diagnostic rates of PD in this population, and briefly discuss interventions that may need to be made in order to ensure adequate care is provided to these patients.

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“…UA and superoxide anion are the two main products from XO activity. Elevated levels of serum UA in humans are often associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease [ 229 ]. It is important to bear in mind that UA in physiological serum concentrations acts as a powerful antioxidant in the blood by scavenging ROS [ 61 , 230 ].…”

Section: Redox and Oxidative Stress In Genetic Diseases Of Connectmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Genetic Diseases of the Connective Tissue

2020

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Connective tissue is known to provide structural and functional “glue” properties to other tissues. It contains cellular and molecular components that are arranged in several dynamic organizations. Connective tissue is the focus of numerous genetic and nongenetic diseases. Genetic diseases of the connective tissue are minority or rare, but no less important than the nongenetic diseases. Here we review the impact of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative stress on the onset and/or progression of diseases that directly affect connective tissue and have a genetic origin. It is important to consider that ROS and oxidative stress are not synonymous, although they are often closely linked. In a normal range, ROS have a relevant physiological role, whose levels result from a fine balance between ROS producers and ROS scavenge enzymatic systems. However, pathology arises or worsens when such balance is lost, like when ROS production is abnormally and constantly high and/or when ROS scavenge (enzymatic) systems are impaired. These concepts apply to numerous diseases, and connective tissue is no exception. We have organized this review around the two basic structural molecular components of connective tissue: The ground substance and fibers (collagen and elastic fibers).

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Serum uric acid and risk of cardiovascular mortality: a systematic review and dose-response meta-analysis of cohort studies of over a million participants

Cited by 115 publications

References 48 publications

Urate‐induced immune programming: Consequences for gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia

Urate‐induced immune programming: Consequences for gouty arthritis and hyperuricemia

Parkinson’s Disease in African Americans: A Review of the Current Literature

Reactive Oxygen Species and Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis and Progression of Genetic Diseases of the Connective Tissue

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