Serum Uric Acid, Inorganic Phosphorus, and Glutamic-Oxalacetic Transaminase and Blood Pressure in Carbohydrate-Sensitive Adults Consuming Three Different Levels of Sucrose

Abstract

12 men and 12 women, classified as carbohydrate-sensitive on the basis of an exaggerated insulin response to a sucrose load, consumed diets containing either 5, 18, or 33 % sucrose in a crossover design. The diets simulated the average American diet and consisted of identical natural and processed foods with the exception of a patty. The patty provided the experimental levels of sucrose; the difference was made up by starch. Each level of sucrose was consumed for a 6-week period. Subject body weights were maintained. Fasting serum uric acid and inorganic phosphorus increased as the level of dietary sucrose increased. Diastolic blood pressure was significantly higher when subjects were on the 33% sucrose diet as compared to the 5 and 18 % diets. Serum glutamic-oxalacetic transaminase was not affected by diet. In tolerance tests after a sucrose load (2 g/kg body weight), the uric acid response was higher after the 18 and 33% sucrose diets than after the 5% sucrose diet. Serum inorganic phosphorus, which increased significantly with each level of dietary sucrose, decreased following the sucrose load. These results indicate that carbohydrate-sensitive individuals may be affected adversely by the level of sucrose commonly found in the Westernized diet. Since elevated serum uric acid and blood pressure have been identified as risk factors in degenerative diseases, this study suggests that carbohydrate-sensitive individuals should limit their sucrose consumption.

Fructose consumption as a risk factor for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

“…Fructose, by causing ATP depletion, can rapidly generate uric acid which can be detected in the blood within minutes of ingestion [40]. Chronic fructose feeding can also lead to increased uric acid levels [41,42] and intake of fructose correlates with uric acid levels in the population [43]. Furthermore, patients on a high fructose or sucrose diet show a greater uric acid response to a bolus of fructose [40,41] consistent with upregulation of KHK activity.…”

“…Chronic fructose feeding can also lead to increased uric acid levels [41,42] and intake of fructose correlates with uric acid levels in the population [43]. Furthermore, patients on a high fructose or sucrose diet show a greater uric acid response to a bolus of fructose [40,41] consistent with upregulation of KHK activity. Finally, uric acid levels can predict the development of NAFLD [44].…”

Dietary Approaches to Prevent and Treat Hypertension

“…54 A few trials have also tested the effects of short-term sugar consumption on BP. In several 89,90 but not all studies, 91 consumption of sugars raised BP. Consistent with these studies are results from a weight loss trial in which a low-glycemic-index diet reduced BP to a greater extent than a standard high-glycemic-index diet.…”

Effect of Dietary Chromium on Resistance Artery Function and Nitric Oxide Signaling in the Sucrose-Fed Spontaneously Hypertensive Rat

“…Simple sugars such as glucose, sucrose and fructose represent carbohydrates with high-glycemic indices. Furthermore, there is abundant evidence to suggest that a high glucose, sucrose or fructose diet elevates risk of developing cardiovascular disease, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and ischemic heart disease [8,9,10,11,12,13,14,15,16,17,18,19,20,21]. …”

“…This animal model, the sucrose-fed SHR, has therefore been used extensively to study sugar-induced hypertension that occurs in susceptible humans [17, 26, 27]. Moreover, Preuss et al [23,24,25] have reported the seminal finding that Cr 3+ reduces blood pressure in the sucrose-fed SHR.…”