Serum vitamin D and hippocampal gray matter volume in schizophrenia

Shivakumar, Venkataram; Kalmady, Sunil V.; Amaresha, Anekal C.; Jose, Dania; Narayanaswamy, Janardhanan C.; Agarwal, Sri Mahavir; Joseph, Boban; Venkatasubramanian, Ganesan; Ravi, Vasanthapuram; Keshavan, Matcheri S.; Gangadhar, Bangalore N.

doi:10.1016/j.pscychresns.2015.06.006

Cited by 43 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 46 publications

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“…Similarly, low serum vitamin D has been associated with smaller hippocampal volumes in patients with schizophrenia and in patients with psychosis (Gurholt et al, 2018). Our finding of a smaller CA1 subfield is in alignment with Shivakumar et al's claim that volume loss is due to reduction of hippocampal grey matter (Shivakumar et al, 2015). The moderate positive correlation between serum 25-OHD and hippocampal volume found in both our study and Shivakumar et al's suggests that the effect of low vitamin D on hippocampal volume loss may be dose dependent.…”

Section: Reduced Hippocampal Volumes Are Characteristic Of Both Vitsupporting

confidence: 90%

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced hippocampal volume and disrupted structural connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Al-Amin

Bradford

Sullivan

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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Vitamin D deficiency may exacerbate adverse neurocognitive outcomes in the progression of diseases such as Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, and other dementias. Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is prodromal for these neurocognitive disorders and neuroimaging studies suggest that, in the elderly, this cognitive impairment is associated with a reduction in hippocampal volume and white matter structural integrity. To test whether vitamin D is associated with neuroanatomical correlates of MCI, we analyzed an existing structural and diffusion MRI dataset of elderly patients with MCI. Based on serum 25‐OHD levels, patients were categorized into serum 25‐OHD deficient (<12 ng/mL, n = 27) or not‐deficient (>12 ng/mL, n = 29). Freesurfer 6.0 was used to parcellate the whole brain into 164 structures and segment the hippocampal subfields. Whole‐brain structural connectomes were generated using probabilistic tractography with MRtrix. The network‐based statistic (NBS) was used to identify subnetworks of connections that significantly differed between the groups. We found a significant reduction in total hippocampal volume in the serum 25‐OHD deficient group especially in the CA1, molecular layer, dentate gyrus, and fimbria. We observed a connection deficit in 13 regions with the right hippocampus at the center of the disrupted network. Our results demonstrate that low vitamin D is associated with reduced volumes of hippocampal subfields and connection deficits in elderly people with MCI, which may exacerbate neurocognitive outcomes. Longitudinal studies are now required to determine if vitamin D can serve as a biomarker for Alzheimer's disease and if intervention can prevent the progression from MCI to major cognitive disorders.

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Section: Reduced Hippocampal Volumes Are Characteristic Of Both Vitsupporting

confidence: 90%

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced hippocampal volume and disrupted structural connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Al-Amin

Bradford

Sullivan

et al. 2018

Human Brain Mapping

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“…People with schizophrenia generally have low-quality diets (Dipasquale et al, 2013) and a spectrum of nutritional deficiencies, even from illness onset (Firth, Carney, et al, 2017). Furthermore, reduced levels of vitamins and polyunsaturated fatty-acids (PUFAS) are associated with various adverse outcomes in FEP; including greater symptom severity, reduced neural integrity and neurocognitive impairments (Firth, Carney, et al, 2017;Graham et al, 2015;Shivakumar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adjunctive nutrients in first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review of efficacy, tolerability and neurobiological mechanisms

Firth

Rosenbaum

Ward

et al. 2018

Early Intervention Psych

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AimThe effects of nutrient‐based treatments, including adjunctive vitamin or antioxidant supplementation, have been explored extensively in long‐term schizophrenia. However, no systematic evaluation of trials in “first‐episode psychosis” (FEP) has been conducted, despite the potential benefits of using these treatments during the early stages of illness. Therefore, we aimed to review all studies examining efficacy, tolerability and the biological mechanisms of action, of nutrient supplementation in FEP.MethodsA systematic review of electronic databases was conducted from inception to July 2017. All information on feasibility, clinical outcomes and mechanistic findings from nutrient supplementation clinical trials was extracted and systematically synthesized.ResultsEleven studies with a total of 451 patients with FEP (from 8 independent randomized controlled trials) were eligible for inclusion. Six studies examined omega‐3 fatty acids, with inconsistent effects on psychiatric symptoms. However, mechanistic studies found significant improvements in hippocampal neuronal health and brain glutathione. Antioxidants “n‐acetyl cysteine” (n = 1) and vitamin C (n = 2) also improved oxidative status in FEP, which was associated with reduced psychiatric symptoms. No benefits were found for vitamin E (n = 1). Finally, one study trialling the amino acid taurine, showed significant improvements in positive symptoms and psychosocial functioning.ConclusionThere is preliminary evidence that taurine improves outcomes in FEP, whereas effects of omega‐3 and antioxidant vitamins/amino‐acids are inconsistent; perhaps mainly benefitting patients with high levels of oxidative stress. Future studies should evaluate multifaceted dietary and supplementation interventions in FEP; targeting‐specific nutritional deficits and the range of aberrant biological processes implicated in the disorder.

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“…Emerging evidence suggests that hypovitaminosis D may be a risk-modifying factor for psychotic disorders as well as for other chronic illnesses including, type 1 diabetes, multiple sclerosis, rickets, heart disease, osteomalacia and cancer (Kaludjerovic & Vieth, 2010). More recently in human studies, vitamin D deficiency has been linked to dysfunction of the hippocampus, a region thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of psychotic disorders, and a positive correlation between vitamin D and regional grey matter volume (Shivakumar et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Correlates of vitamin D in psychotic disorders: A comprehensive systematic review

Adamson

Lally

Gaughran

et al. 2017

Psychiatry Research

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(199/ 200)People with psychosis have high prevalence of low vitamin D levels but the correlates and relevance of this deficiency are unclear. A systematic search of major databases from inception to 03/2016 was undertaken investigating correlates of vitamin D in people with psychosis. Data was summarised with a best evidence synthesis. Across 23 included studies (n=1,770 psychosis, n= 8,171 controls) a mean difference in vitamin D levels between both groups of -11.14 ng/ml 0.59 was found.

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Serum vitamin D and hippocampal gray matter volume in schizophrenia

Cited by 43 publications

References 46 publications

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced hippocampal volume and disrupted structural connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Vitamin D deficiency is associated with reduced hippocampal volume and disrupted structural connectivity in patients with mild cognitive impairment

Adjunctive nutrients in first‐episode psychosis: A systematic review of efficacy, tolerability and neurobiological mechanisms

Correlates of vitamin D in psychotic disorders: A comprehensive systematic review

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