Serum vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Liu, Chang-Wei; Wang, Jingwen; Wan, Yuanyuan; Xia, Xiaona; Pan, Jian; Gu, Wei; Mei, Li

doi:10.1530/ec-18-0191

Cited by 19 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Although a large number of studies have shown that patients with islet autoimmunity or T1D have significantly lower VD levels than healthy controls, low VD blood concentrations measured before the detection of islet autoantibodies were not associated with the progression to overt T1D (56). Moreover, when VD levels were prospectively measured from the 3rd month of life in a group of initially healthy children, patterns in the variation in VD concentrations were similar between those who later developed T1D and those who remained healthy, and VD values were not correlated with the age at seroconversion to autoantibody positivity ( p = 0.79) or disease onset ( p = 0.13) (57).…”

Section: Environmental Factors Potentially Associated With Type 1 Diamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Environmental Factors Associated With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2019

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Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic autoimmune disorder that leads to progressive pancreatic ß-cell destruction and culminates in absolute insulin deficiency and stable hyperglycaemia. It is very likely that environmental factors play a role in triggering islet autoimmunity. Knowing whether they have true relevance in favoring T1D development is essential for the effective prevention of the disease. Moreover, prevention could be obtained directly interfering with the development of autoimmunity through autoantigen-based immunotherapy. In this narrative review, the present possibilities for the prevention of T1D are discussed. Presently, interventions to prevent T1D are generally made in subjects in whom autoimmunity is already activated and autoantibodies against pancreatic cell components have been detected. Practically, the goal is to slow down the immune process by preserving the normal structure of the pancreatic islets for as long as possible. Unfortunately, presently methods able to avoid the risk of autoimmune activation are not available. Elimination of environmental factors associated with T1D development, reverse of epigenetic modifications that favor initiation of autoimmunity in subjects exposed to environmental factors and use of autoantigen-based immunotherapy are possible approaches, although for all these measures definitive conclusions cannot be drawn. However, the road is traced and it is possible that in a not so distant future an effective prevention of the disease to all the subjects at risk can be offered.

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Section: Environmental Factors Potentially Associated With Type 1 Diamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Interestingly, the increased diversity in the gut microbiota composition emerged in parallel with the activation of autoimmunity and the detection of autoantibodies (56). Dysbiosis can occur due to the delivery procedure and is more common in children born by cesarean section.…”

Section: Environmental Factors Potentially Associated With Type 1 Diamentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Factors Associated With Type 1 Diabetes

et al. 2019

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“…Recent studies have demonstrated an association between vitamin D deficiency and other conditions, independent from the direct role of vitamin D in calcium and bone metabolism. Vitamin D deficiency during pregnancy has been associated with increased risk of pre-eclampsia [57] and an increased risk of asthma [34] and type 1 diabetes [58] in the offspring of vitamin D deficient mothers, warranting further research to determine possible underlying mechanisms. Ensuring vitamin D adequacy through maternal oral supplementation of vitamin D 3 at a level of 80 µg (3200 IU) per day is safe and would prevent most forms of rickets as well as reducing incidence of some complications of pregnancy that are harmful to the mother and foetus.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shedding Light on Vitamin D Status and Its Complexities during Pregnancy, Infancy and Childhood: An Australian Perspective

Marco

Kaufman

Rodda

2019

IJERPH

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Ensuring that the entire Australian population is Vitamin D sufficient is challenging, given the wide range of latitudes spanned by the country, its multicultural population and highly urbanised lifestyle of the majority of its population. Specific issues related to the unique aspects of vitamin D metabolism during pregnancy and infancy further complicate how best to develop a universally safe and effective public health policy to ensure vitamin D adequacy for all. Furthermore, as Australia is considered a “sunny country”, it does not yet have a national vitamin D food supplementation policy. Rickets remains very uncommon in Australian infants and children, however it has been recognised for decades that infants of newly arrived immigrants remain particularly at risk. Yet vitamin D deficiency rickets is entirely preventable, with the caveat that when rickets occurs in the absence of preexisting risk factors and/or is poorly responsive to adequate treatment, consideration needs to be given to genetic forms of rickets.

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“…1. Finally, 12 case-control studies [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32], two nested case-control studies [33,34], one case-cohort study [28], and one cross-sectional case-control study [35] were pooled in the meta-analysis.…”

Section: Literature Research and Study Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A dose–response meta-analysis between serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus

et al. 2020

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It remains debatable whether vitamin D plays any role as a risk factor for type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). We have summarized the effect of circulating 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] concentration on the risk of developing T1DM via a dose–response meta-analysis. We undertook a database search on PubMed, Embase, and Cochrane Library from inception to January 2020. A meta-analysis based on random-effects model was applied. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression were performed to inspect the source of heterogeneity. Dose–response data were examined using the generalized least squares trend estimation method. This study was registered with the PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020166174). In total, 16 studies including 10,605 participants (3913 case patients) were included. The pooled odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) for the highest versus the lowest 25(OH)D concentration was 0.39 (0.27, 0.57), with a high heterogeneity (I2 = 76.7%, P < 0.001). Meta-regression analysis identified latitude (P = 0.02), adjustment for gender (P = 0.001), and 25(OH)D stratification (P < 0.001) as sources of heterogeneity. Furthermore, the nonlinear dose–response analysis determined the OR (95% CI) of T1DM to be 0.91 (0.90, 0.93) per 10 nmol/L increase in the 25(OH)D concentration. A ‘U’-shaped association was found between serum 25(OH)D concentration and risk of T1DM. The present study highlights the significant inverse association between the circulating 25(OH)D concentration and the risk of T1DM.

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Serum vitamin D deficiency in children and adolescents is associated with type 1 diabetes mellitus

Cited by 19 publications

References 26 publications

Environmental Factors Associated With Type 1 Diabetes

Environmental Factors Associated With Type 1 Diabetes

Shedding Light on Vitamin D Status and Its Complexities during Pregnancy, Infancy and Childhood: An Australian Perspective

A dose–response meta-analysis between serum concentration of 25-hydroxy vitamin D and risk of type 1 diabetes mellitus

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