SERUM Γ-Glutamyltransferase AND ALCOHOLISM

Rosalki, S B; Zilva, Joan F.

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(77)91579-3

Cited by 10 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…However, as already men tioned in chronic alcoholics or heavy drink ers, serum GGT has been reported to be ele vated in 34-85% of cases [41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52]. In a ran dom sample of middle-aged Swedish males, 16% had elevated serum GGT, in 75% of these the main reason was excessive alcohol consumption and in 2% it was a nonalco holic liver disease [53].…”

Section: Effect Of Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Enzymes for the Diagnosis of Alcohol-Related Organ Damage

Salaspuro¹

1987

Enzyme

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Elevated levels of serum enzymes are frequently associated not only with alcohol- related organ damage but also with excessive alcohol consumption and alcoholism without significant tissue injury. However, both in the early detection of alcoholism as well as also in the diagnosis of alcohol-related diseases the sensitivities and specificities of these enzyme markers vary considerably. They may be influenced by nonalcohol-related diseases, enzyme-inducing drugs, nutritional factors, metabolic disorders, age, smoking, etc. Consequently, we have neither a single laboratory test - enzyme marker - nor a test combination that is reliable enough for the exact diagnosis between alcohol- and nonalcohol-related organ damage. In most cases it is possible to determine the tissue from which the elevated enzyme is derived, but only occasionally enzyme changes reflect the quantity of the tissue injury. Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) is the most widely used laboratory marker of alcoholism and heavy drinking, detecting 34-85% of problem drinkers and alcoholics. However, the unspecificity of increased serum GGT limits its use for general screening purposes. Its value in the follow-up of various treatment programs, however, is well established. An elevated level of serum aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) in an alcoholic or a heavy consumer indicates alcohol-induced organ damage. The use of test combinations significantly improves the information received with single serum enzyme determinations. An ASAT/ALAT ratio greater than 1.5 can be considered as highly suggestive for the alcoholic etiology of the liver injury. Still better discrimination between alcoholic and nonalcoholic origin of the liver disease may be achieved by the determination of the ratio of GGT to alkaline phosphatase. If this ratio exceeds 1.4 the specificity of the finding in favor for alcoholic liver injury is 78%.

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Section: Effect Of Alcoholmentioning

confidence: 99%

Use of Enzymes for the Diagnosis of Alcohol-Related Organ Damage

Salaspuro¹

1987

Enzyme

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“…Alcoholic he patomegaly is not due only to fat accumula tion and particularly to that of triglycerides ly). For humans, measurement of plasma GGT activity was recommended as a marker of chronic alcoholism [2], In animal experi ments, especially in the rat, the correlation between elevation of plasma GGT and chronic alcohol intake still remains unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In another way, steatosis constituted the early stage of alcohol liver injury and this alcoholic fatty liver is often associated with hyperlipemia [9], So, it ap peared important to verify if chronic alcohol administration provoked the induction of Gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT; EC 2.3.2.2) activity in plasma is strongly affected by the action of numerous xenobiotics [1,2] or during liver diseases, especially when cho lestasis occurs [3]. In the liver, the enzyme is mainly localized in the membranes [4], and we have demonstrated that phénobarbital (PB) increased this enzyme especially in these membranes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Chronic Ethanol Administration on Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activities in Plasma and in Hepatic Plasma Membranes of Male and Female Rats

Lahrichi

Ratanasavanh

Galteau

et al. 1982

Enzyme

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The effects of chronic ethanol administration on the activities of gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT) in plasma and in hepatic plasma membranes of male and female rats are studied. The effects of alcohol on the lipid level in plasma are also investigated. After 4 weeks of treatment, GGT activity significantly increases in plasma either in male rats (131 %, p < 0.02) or in female ones (64%, p < 0.05). In addition, chronic alcohol consumption simultaneously increases ß-lipoprotein and triglyceride levels in plasma only in male rats (181%, p < 0.05 and 171%, p < 0.01, respectively). In the liver, a significant elevation of GGT activity is observed in plasma membranes (146% in male rats, p < 0.02, and 84% in female rats, p < 0.02) but neither in homogenates nor in microsomal fractions. So, the variation of enzymatic activity in plasma as well as in hepatic plasma membranes is higher in male than in female rats. These results demonstrate, as for phénobarbital, that alcohol provokes an induction of GGT in rat liver only in the plasma membrane fraction.

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“…Unsere Ergebnisse stimmen mit den bisherigen Publikationen (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32) Glutamat-Oxalat-Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.1) und Glutamat-Pyruvat-Transaminase (EC 2.6.1.2).…”

Section: Diskussionunclassified

“…Seitdem wurde die Trennung der y^GiutamyltTznsfeiase in multiple Formen mit Hilfe verschiedener Trägermaterialien mehrfach wiederholt (18)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30)(31)(32). Wenn auch die bisher publizierten "Isoenzymmuster" völlig unterschiedlich und nicht vergleichbar waren, so haben die meisten Autoren doch ihren jeweiligen "Enzymmustern" eine diagnostische oder prognostische Aussage entnehmen können.…”

Section: Introductionunclassified

Das elektrophoretische Muster der γ-Glutamyltransferase im Serum und seine Änderung durch Chylomikronen

Freise¹,

Magerstedt²,

Schmidt³

1976

Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine

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Zusammenfassung: In Seren von 20 Patienten mit erhöhter -Glutamyltransferase-Aktivität (EC 2.3.2.2) durch intraoder postthepatische Cholestase wurde durch Celluloseacetatfolien-Elektrophorese die -Glutamyltransferase in vier Banden getrennt. Das -Glutamyltransferase-Muster erlaubte keine Unterscheidung zwischen intra-oder posthepatischer Cholestase. Simultan wurden in jedem Serum eine Protein-und eine Lipidelektrophorese durchgeführt. Es zeigte sich, daß eine -Glutamyltransferase-Bande, die in 11 Seren am Auftragspunkt zu sehen war, nur in lipä-mischen Seren mit Chylomikronen zu finden war. Diese -Glutamyltransferase-Bande ist jedoch nicht Ausdruck eines echten Isoenzyms, da sie nur durch einen Chylomikronen-7-Glutamyltransferase-Komplex hervorgerufen wird, der mit den Chylomikronen abgetrennt oder durch Mischen von Seren hervorgerufen werden kann. The electrophoretic pattern ofy-glutamyl transferase in serum and its alteration by chylomicronsSummary: Using the sera from 20 patients with elevated -glutamyl transferase activity (EC 2.3.2.2) due to intra-or posthepatic cholestasis, the enzyme was separated into four bands by cellulose acetate foil electrophoresis. The -glutamyl transferase pattern permitted no differentiation between intra-or posthepatic cholestasis.Protein and lipid electrophoresis was performed simultaneously for each serum. It was found that a -glutamyl transferase band, which appeared at the origin in 11 sera, was only observed in lipaemic sera containing chylomicrons. This band of -glutamyl transferase does not, however, represent a true isoenzyme, because it results from a complex between ehylomicrons and -glutamyl transferase, which is separated with the chylomicrons, or is produced by the mixing of sera. Einleitung

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SERUM Γ-Glutamyltransferase AND ALCOHOLISM

Cited by 10 publications

References 6 publications

Use of Enzymes for the Diagnosis of Alcohol-Related Organ Damage

Use of Enzymes for the Diagnosis of Alcohol-Related Organ Damage

Effect of Chronic Ethanol Administration on Gamma-Glutamyltransferase Activities in Plasma and in Hepatic Plasma Membranes of Male and Female Rats

Das elektrophoretische Muster der γ-Glutamyltransferase im Serum und seine Änderung durch Chylomikronen

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