“…Amongst the few evaluation studies on youth leadership, benefits of participation in specific leadership program have been reported (Brungardt & Crawford, 1996;Keating, Rosch, & Burgoon, 2014;Posner, 2009;Rosch & Caza, 2012), with the one-group pretest-posttest design commonly used (e.g., Polleys, 2002;Keating et al, 2014). As to the service leadership education in Hong Kong, its effectiveness has been demonstrated via multiple methods, including the one-group pretest-posttest design (Shek, Lin, Leung, Law, & Li, 2014). Two classes of students who took the credit-bearing subject "Service Leadership" experienced significant improvement in cognitive-behavioral competencies, positive identity, and character.…”