Service life estimation of liquid silicone rubber seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment

Cui, Tong; Lin, Ching‐Chih; Chien, Chi‐Hui; Chao, Yuh J.; Zee, J. W. Van

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2010.08.075

Cited by 53 publications

(36 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Fig. 1 from reference [16] demonstrates the schematics of the TTS process. Fundamentally, TTS is a mathematical expression of the Boltzmann's superposition principle.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Both the temperature and current force applied to the specimen can be continuously recorded by a computer throughout the test period. Please see reference [16] for schematic of the equipment. Table 1 lists the stress relaxation tests performed.…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test procedure follows the ASTM D6147, such as preconditioning of the test specimen and the strain applied at the test temperature. However, not like ASTM D6147, data in the first 30 min is recorded and analyzed in this paper, while reference [16] completely followed ASTM D6147 procedure. So data presented in this paper not only can be used for comparison with other material, but also can be directly used to estimate the stress relaxation of the material in real applications.…”

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…2 shows the stress relaxation curves obtained from strain levels at 10%, 15% and 25% for specimens in ambient air at Fig. 1 e TimeeTemperature superposition principle [16]. i n t e r n a t i o n a l j o u r n a l o f h y d r o g e n e n e r g y 3 7 ( 2 0 1 2 ) 1 3 4 7 8 e1 3 4 8 3 100 C. In general, they all show a nearly exponential decay of stress with time.…”

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Stress relaxation behavior of EPDM seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment

Cui

Chao

Zee

2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…Fig. 1 from reference [16] demonstrates the schematics of the TTS process. Fundamentally, TTS is a mathematical expression of the Boltzmann's superposition principle.…”

Section: 2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Stress relaxation behavior of EPDM seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment

Cui

Chao

Zee

2012

International Journal of Hydrogen Energy

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“…1 Testing methods to examine the recovery behaviors of a rubber composite are compression set test 2 , compression stress relaxation (CSR) 3,4 , and circular deformation test [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Compression set test according to the ISO 815 (Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic-Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperatures) is a common method to measure the degree of deformation of a rubber composite under compression state.…”

Section: ⅰ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery Behaviors of Natural Rubber Composites Thermally Aged in Altering Medium Systems of Air and Water

Choi

Kim²

2013

Elastomers and Composites

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ABSTRACT：Unfilled, carbon black-filled, and silica-filled natural rubber (NR) composites were aged with a circular deformation at 60 -90℃ and the recovery behaviors were investigated. The samples were aged under the altering aging medium systems of air and distilled water every day for 10 days. The order of the recoveries according to the filler systems was unfilled > silica > carbon black. The recoveries of the samples aged in the air to water altering system were greater than those of the samples aged in the water to air altering system. The initial aging medium dominantly influenced the deformation level. Ⅰ. IntroductionRubber components have been used for sealants and isolators because rubber material has a recovery property to return to its original shape from deformation. 1 Testing methods to examine the recovery behaviors of a rubber composite are compression set test 2 , compression stress relaxation (CSR) 3,4 , and circular deformation test [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] . Compression set test according to the ISO 815 (Rubber, vulcanized or thermoplastic-Determination of compression set at ambient, elevated or low temperatures) is a common method to measure the degree of deformation of a rubber composite under compression state. However, specimens for the compression set are relatively thick (28.7 mm diameter and 12.7 mm height) and many samples are required for aging experiments so that differences in the initial states of the samples such as dimensions and crosslink densities cannot be negligible. In sealing applications, stress relaxation of a polymeric seal after assembly directly reduces the sealing force. Stress relaxation tests are gaining greater relevance for the determination of rubber properties. However, CSR also needs a special equipment for the test and it is not convenient.The circular deformation test method is a simple and reliable method to investigate the recovery behaviors of a rubber article such as the degree of permanent deformation, instantaneous recovery, and recovery rate, because thin specimens with 2 mm thickness in uniform states are used. [5][6][7][8][9][10][11] And it is also a suitable testing method for an aging experiment under various aging media such as water and organic solvents, because the specimen is small and a special equipment is not needed for aging experiment. This method just requires changing a linear sample to a circular form by fixing both ends with a pin to investigate the recovery behaviors of a rubber article. When a linear sample of a vulcanized rubber is circularly deformed, the stress and strain vary uniformly across the thickness of the sample. 9 If states of a rubber composite such as crosslink density,

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Chemical and mechanical degradation of silicone rubber under two compression loads in simulated proton‐exchange membrane fuel‐cell environments

Wang

Tan

Wang

et al. 2019

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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Long‐term chemical and mechanical stability of gaskets in proton‐exchange membrane (PEM) fuel cells is critical to the sealing and normal operation of these fuel cells. In this study, the chemical and mechanical degradation of a silicone rubber was investigated. Two compression loads and two simulated environments were used. The weight change of sample was monitored. Optical microscopy was applied to observe the morphological changes on the specimen surface. Attenuated total reflection (ATR)–Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X‐ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) were used to investigate the chemical changes on the surface of specimens after exposure to the simulated solutions and subjection to compression loads over time. A compression stress‐relaxation test was used to elucidate the stress‐relaxation property changes of the specimens after exposure to the simulated fuel‐cell environments and the compression loads. Optical microscopy showed that the surface morphology of the specimens changed from initially smooth to slightly rough followed by crack initiation and finally propagation. The ATR–FTIR and XPS results indicate that the surface chemistry of the specimens significantly changed via decrosslinking and chain scission after exposure to the simulated environments and compression loads over time. The compression stress‐relaxation test results indicate that the mechanical properties of the silicone rubber specimens changed significantly. We found that both the acid concentration of the test solution and the compression load significantly affected the degradation of the silicone rubber material. © 2019 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2019, 136, 47855.

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Service life estimation of liquid silicone rubber seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

Stress relaxation behavior of EPDM seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment

Stress relaxation behavior of EPDM seals in polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell environment

Recovery Behaviors of Natural Rubber Composites Thermally Aged in Altering Medium Systems of Air and Water

Chemical and mechanical degradation of silicone rubber under two compression loads in simulated proton‐exchange membrane fuel‐cell environments

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