Service restrictions from emergency shelters among people experiencing homelessness: Uncovering pathways into unsheltered homelessness and institutional circuitry

Kerman, Nick; Marshall, Carrie Anne; Polillo, Alexia; Voronov, Joseph; de Pass, Timothy; Easton, Corinna; Ward, Brooklyn; Noble, Amanda; Hwang, Stephen W.; Kozloff, Nicole; Stergiopoulos, Vicky; Kidd, Sean A.

doi:10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116831

Social Science & Medicine

2024

DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2024.116831

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Service restrictions from emergency shelters among people experiencing homelessness: Uncovering pathways into unsheltered homelessness and institutional circuitry

Nick Kerman,

Carrie Anne Marshall,

Alexia Polillo

et al.

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2024

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Cited by 2 publications

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Antecedents and Consequences of Violence in Homeless Shelters: Perspectives and Experiences of Service Users and Shelter Staff

Kerman,

Kidd,

Voronov

et al. 2024

J Interpers Violence

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Violence is a critical issue in homeless shelters that affects service users and staff, yet there is limited evidence on how shelter-based violence occurs. The objective of this qualitative study was to investigate the antecedents and consequences of shelter-based violence from the perspectives of service users and staff. Purposive sampling was used to recruit individuals experiencing homelessness and shelter staff in a large metropolitan city in Ontario, Canada. Data from in-depth interviews with 56 individuals experiencing homelessness and 30 shelter staff were analyzed. Findings showed that shelter-based violence toward service users and staff was perceived to manifest in response to three interacting factors: (a) burden of homelessness and shelter living, (b) individual histories and marginalization, and (c) interpersonal conflict. These antecedents had a hierarchical structure in that each subsequent factor exacerbated the risk of previous ones and culminated with the most proximal factor for violence. There were three primary outcomes of shelter-based violence reported by service users and staff: (a) health and environmental harms, (b), procedural enforcement, and (c) avoidant behaviors. Avoidance was often a subsequent impact following health harms, as was procedural enforcement to a lesser extent. Overall, the study findings demonstrate that shelter-based violence is a complex and dynamic problem that is perceived to be the result of interacting structural, environmental, programmatic, interpersonal, and individual factors, with similar consequences for service users and staff. Implications for preventing violence through shelter design and service delivery are discussed.

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Antecedents and Consequences of Violence in Homeless Shelters: Perspectives and Experiences of Service Users and Shelter Staff

Kerman,

Kidd,

Voronov

et al. 2024

J Interpers Violence

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Unveiling the Pathways: Mapping and Understanding Hidden Homelessness Among 2SLGBTQ+ Youth in Ontario

MacEntee,

Elkington,

Segui

et al. 2024

Youth

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Transphobic and homophobic violence and discrimination within homes and housing programs lead many 2-Spirit, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (2SLGBTQ+) youth to find alternative, temporary, and insecure housing. These types of living situations are considered “hidden homelessness”. This study interviewed 2SLGBTQ+ youth (n = 6) and key informants (n = 12) who have experienced and/or who support hidden homelessness across three sites in Ontario (Toronto, York Region, and London). The results suggest experiences of hidden homelessness for 2SLGBTQ+ youth are nonlinear, with pathways driven by family conflict combined with the high cost of living and lack of employment, making independent living unaffordable. Additionally, youth avoid services where they experience discrimination and often experience social isolation. In rural and suburban areas, youth have fewer options for safe and inclusive services. When services are accessible, wrap-around supports that address the complexity of their situations help youth exit hidden homelessness. Prevention strategies should focus on addressing family conflict and supporting reunification when it is safe to do so. For those who are unable to return home, there is a need for increased financial support and more affordable housing. Building comprehensive population-based support services is recommended to address the overrepresentation of 2SLGBTQ+ youth experiencing homelessness.

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Service restrictions from emergency shelters among people experiencing homelessness: Uncovering pathways into unsheltered homelessness and institutional circuitry

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Antecedents and Consequences of Violence in Homeless Shelters: Perspectives and Experiences of Service Users and Shelter Staff

Antecedents and Consequences of Violence in Homeless Shelters: Perspectives and Experiences of Service Users and Shelter Staff

Unveiling the Pathways: Mapping and Understanding Hidden Homelessness Among 2SLGBTQ+ Youth in Ontario

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