“…However, it differs from many other seeo-type terpenoids where the oxidation states of the carbon atoms at the point of scission are higher than prior to cleavage. An example is ivangulin (7),25.58 derived from a eudesmanolide precursor by the process outlined in 46 where X is a suitable electronegative departing group (see also later sections). In pycnolide, on the other hand, scission must be followed by simultaneous or consecutive reduction steps.…”