Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.: a potential halophyte for the degradation of toxic textile dye, Green HE4B

Abstract

Sesuvium portulacastrum is a common halophyte growing well in adverse surroundings and is exploited mainly for the environmental protection including phytoremediation, desalination and stabilization of contaminated soil. In the present investigation, attempts have been made on the decolorization of a toxic textile dye Green HE4B (GHE4B) using in vitro grown Sesuvium plantlets. The plantlets exhibited significant (70%) decolorization of GHE4B (50 mg l(-1)) that sustain 200 mM sodium chloride (NaCl) within 5 days of incubation. The enzymatic analysis performed on the root and shoot tissues of the in vitro plantlets subjected to GHE4B decolorization in the presence of 200 mM NaCl showed a noteworthy induction of tyrosinase, lignin peroxidase and NADH-DCIP reductase activities, indicating the involvement of these enzymes in the metabolism of the dye GHE4B. The UV-visible spectrophotometer, HPLC and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) analyses of the samples before and after decolorization of the dye confirmed the efficient phytotransformation of GHE4B in the presence of 200 mM NaCl. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) analysis of the products revealed the formation of three metabolites such as p -amino benzene, p -amino toluene and 1, 2, 7-amino naphthalene after phytotransformation of GHE4B. Based on the FTIR and GC-MS results, the possible pathway for the biodegradation of GHE4B in the presence of 200 mM NaCl has been proposed. The phytotoxicity experiments confirmed the non-toxicity of the degraded products. The present study demonstrates for the first time the potential of Sesuvium for the efficient degradation of textile dyes and its efficacy on saline soils contaminated with toxic compounds.

Hairy root induction and phytoremediation of textile dye, Reactive green 19A-HE4BD, in a halophyte, Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L.

“…The higher concentration of dye also decreases the decolorization rate [36] which may be due to toxicity of the dye altering growth, metabolic activity, and in some cases, insufficient mass of culture may affect the uptake of higher concentration of dyes. In Sesuvium which is a halophyte, it has been observed that the decolorization potential of in vitro plantlets improved with increase in the culture incubation period upto 7th day in 200 mM NaCl in comparison to decolorization of GHE4B in the absence of NaCl [13] In Tagetes patula , Patil et al [37] hairy roots were able to remove dye concentrations up to 110 mg l −l and the hairy roots were successively used for at least five consecutive decolorization cycles. The hairy roots of Tagetes also decolorized six different dyes, viz.…”

“…Sesuvium portulacastrum (L.) L., is an important facultative halophyte endowed with salt accumulating ability and as a natural source of 20-hydroxyecdysone (20E), which is an insect molting hormone [5] . Phytoremediation potential of this plant has also been demonstrated for heavy metals like cadmium, lead and arsenic [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] and biodegradation of toxic textile dyes [13] . Recent research has demonstrated that halophytes are ideal candidates for phytoextraction or phytostabilization of salinity and heavy metal polluted soils [13] , [14] .…”

“…Phytoremediation potential of this plant has also been demonstrated for heavy metals like cadmium, lead and arsenic [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] and biodegradation of toxic textile dyes [13] . Recent research has demonstrated that halophytes are ideal candidates for phytoextraction or phytostabilization of salinity and heavy metal polluted soils [13] , [14] . Salinity appears to be a key factor not only for the increased bioavailability of metals in the soils due to reduced soil metal sorption [15] , [16] but also in the translocation of metals from roots to the aerial parts of the plant [17] , [18] With this background, we have studied hairy root induction in Sesuvium and explored hairy root culture application in the degradation of textile dye Reactive green 19A- HE4BD.…”

Phylogeny of Sesuvioideae (Aizoaceae) – Biogeography, leaf anatomy and the evolution of C4 photosynthesis

“…This halophyte is easily distributed via sea currents and grows from washed up vegetative fragments (Lonard and Judd, 1997). Since S. portulacastrum tolerates salinity as well as toxic metals, it is of growing interest for the phytoremediation of contaminated soil (Patil et al, 2012).…”

Halophytes in biosaline agriculture: Mechanism, utilization, and value addition

“…It has shown high accumulation of cadmium (350–700 μg g −1 dry matter), lead (3,400 μg g −1 DW), arsenic (155 μg g −1 DW; reviewed in Lokhande et al, ), nickel (1,050 μg g 1 DW; Fourati, Wali, Vogel‐Miku, Abdelly, & Ghnaya, ), and cesium (536.10 μg g −1 ; Nikalje, Srivastava, Nikam, & Suprasanna, ). Also, Sesuvium has shown potential application for degradation of textile dyes such as reactive green HE4B (Patil, Lokhande, Suprasanna, Bapat, & Jadhav, ) and Reactive green 19A‐reactive green HE4BD (Lokhande, Kudale, Nikalje, Desai, & Suprasanna, ). Along with these potential applications, Sesuvium is also rich in secondary metabolites, which are having both medicinal and industrial value.…”