“…PMSM (Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor) has been more and more popular in many industrial applications because of its advantageous features, simple structure, high torque-to-current ratio, high efficiency, and low maintenance cost [1][2][3]. Many PI (proportional-integral) speed control algorithms for PMSM drives are widely used in practical control applications owing to their simple control structure, ease of design, low cost, and effectiveness [4,5]. However, parameters of speed controllers are highly vulnerable to parameter variations and external disturbances, such as load variation, speed change, external unpredictable disturbance, and mechanical parameters of the motor's nonlinear change in PMSM drives.…”