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The Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer (MROI) Beam Relay System (BRS) comprises a network of airevacuated pipes and relay stations, consisting of a pier and vacuum can containing a relay mirror, shear alignment sensors, and control electronics. Located at precise points along the arms of the interferometer array, the BRS piers contain remotely controllable mirrors which can be precisely adjusted to direct light from the adjacent unit telescope down the beamline and into the Beam Combining Facility (BCF), where interference fringes are made. Changing the array configuration is a planned function of interferometer operation, but is time consuming and complicated, as it will involve moving mirror assemblies between the vacuum cans (VC). The Vacuum Can Hub (VCH) is a network Modbus message processor and instrumentation hub that connects the Vacuum Can (VC) instrumentation to the MROI power and communication infrastructure via a single Power over Ethernet (PoE) access point. This greatly simplifies and speeds up array reconfiguration. In this paper we shall discuss the MROI Automated Alignment System (AAS), which is tasked with ensuring precise alignment of beamlines connecting the UTs with the BCF, and its role as supervisor of the VCH. We also discuss the BRS components interfaced by the VCH: first, the VC 1-wire temperature sensor network, whose data is used by the AAS for driving fine adjustments of the BRS relay mirrors via the AAS's feed-forward open-loop thermal mechanical model. Second, twin shear sensors used for coarse beam alignment, each consisting of custom designed 10 x 10 pixel photodiode arrays, whose electronics and software allow direct access by the AAS by using the VCH's message routing capabilities. The VCH's ability to translate and relay Modbus messages between the network and serial domain allow high flexibility in defining the quantity and types of BRS hardware that can be installed in VCs.
The Magdalena Ridge Observatory Interferometer (MROI) Beam Relay System (BRS) comprises a network of airevacuated pipes and relay stations, consisting of a pier and vacuum can containing a relay mirror, shear alignment sensors, and control electronics. Located at precise points along the arms of the interferometer array, the BRS piers contain remotely controllable mirrors which can be precisely adjusted to direct light from the adjacent unit telescope down the beamline and into the Beam Combining Facility (BCF), where interference fringes are made. Changing the array configuration is a planned function of interferometer operation, but is time consuming and complicated, as it will involve moving mirror assemblies between the vacuum cans (VC). The Vacuum Can Hub (VCH) is a network Modbus message processor and instrumentation hub that connects the Vacuum Can (VC) instrumentation to the MROI power and communication infrastructure via a single Power over Ethernet (PoE) access point. This greatly simplifies and speeds up array reconfiguration. In this paper we shall discuss the MROI Automated Alignment System (AAS), which is tasked with ensuring precise alignment of beamlines connecting the UTs with the BCF, and its role as supervisor of the VCH. We also discuss the BRS components interfaced by the VCH: first, the VC 1-wire temperature sensor network, whose data is used by the AAS for driving fine adjustments of the BRS relay mirrors via the AAS's feed-forward open-loop thermal mechanical model. Second, twin shear sensors used for coarse beam alignment, each consisting of custom designed 10 x 10 pixel photodiode arrays, whose electronics and software allow direct access by the AAS by using the VCH's message routing capabilities. The VCH's ability to translate and relay Modbus messages between the network and serial domain allow high flexibility in defining the quantity and types of BRS hardware that can be installed in VCs.
Chromatic dispersion is a well-known technical challenge in optical interferometry, and the issue is exacerbated when using optical fibers for beam transport. The important sources of chromatic dispersion in a fiber-coupled optical interferometer are investigated using a Mach–Zehnder interferometer operating between 975–1650 nm, with particular attention paid to various dispersive effects in fibers. The compensation of chromatic dispersion is also investigated, and a compensation strategy using bulk glass and fiber stretching is described. A notional dispersion budget is presented for a fiber-coupled interferometer operating in the near infrared, showing that dispersion can be compensated to the λ / 20 RMS level over a nearly 700 nm wide bandpass.
We discuss the design, construction, and operation of a new intensity interferometer, based on the campus of Southern Connecticut State University in New Haven, Connecticut. While this paper will focus on observations taken with an original two-telescope configuration, the current instrumentation consists of three portable 0.6 m Dobsonian telescopes with single-photon avalanche diode detectors located at the Newtonian focus of each telescope. Photons detected at each station are time stamped and read out with timing correlators that can give cross-correlations in timing to a precision of 48 ps. We detail our observations to date with the system, which has now been successfully used at our university in 16 nights of observing. Components of the instrument were also deployed on one occasion at Lowell Observatory, where the Perkins and Hall telescopes were made to function as an intensity interferometer. We characterize the performance of the instrument in detail. In total, the observations indicate the detection of a correlation peak at the level of 6.76σ when observing unresolved stars, and consistency with partial or no detection when observing at a baseline sufficient to resolve the star. Using these measurements, we conclude that the angular diameter of Arcturus is larger than 15 mas and that of Vega is between 0.8 and 17 mas. While the uncertainties are large at this point, both results are consistent with measures from amplitude-based long baseline optical interferometers.
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