Settling and diffusion of aerosol particles in small airways during breath holding

Is, Goldberg; Rb, Smith

doi:10.1007/bf02364771

Cited by 8 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…R = 2.89~O.~tO.~, where R is the diameter of airways, D is the diffusion coefficient of the aerosols, and t is the half-life of the aerosol during breath holding. Our results indicate that about 50% of the aerosol is lost when the mean residence time is 2.2 s. Under the conditions described by Goldberg and Smith (1981), this would suggest that the aerosol was behaving as if it were held in a tube of about 0.2-cm size. This corresponds to the diameter of the small bronchioles.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

“…the series of airways through whch the aerosol passes, the nature of the airflow in them, and the complexity of the diffusion mechanism during the first few seconds. The diffusion during breath holding was examined by Goldberg and Smith (1981), who supported the use of the following equation as a single exponential to describe aerosol deposition. R = 2.89~O.~tO.~, where R is the diameter of airways, D is the diffusion coefficient of the aerosols, and t is the half-life of the aerosol during breath holding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of Ultrafine Aerosols in the Human Respiratory Tract

Muir

Cena

1987

Aerosol Science and Technology

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The deposition of silver aerosols in the lungs of three dry air with a concentration of 2 X 10' cm-'. The frachealthy male volunteers was investigated. The particles tional deposition was sensitive to mean residence time of were 0.009 ym in diameter and the geometric standard the particle in the respiratory tract, but there was little deviation was about 2.0. The particles were suspended in effect of tidal volume.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of Ultrafine Aerosols in the Human Respiratory Tract

Muir

Cena

1987

Aerosol Science and Technology

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“…The use of eq. 7 is clearly more supported when diffusional deposition is predominant, which according to Goldberg and Smith, 83 . Figure 5 illustrates estimated half-life times for different tube radii and particle sizes.…”

Section: Diagnosis Of Lung Disease By Nanoparticlesmentioning

confidence: 91%

“…For longer times, gravitational settling may become significant, because it is directly proportional to the time, whereas deposition by diffusion scales with the square root of time. The theory behind the estimation of airway radii from diffusion losses is based on solution of the diffusion equation in circular tubes, 79,83,84 …”

Section: Assessment Of Airspace Dimensions From Particle Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As long as the initial concentration profile is axisymmetric, the solutions to R(t) will be a sum of a series of exponential functions. 83 After a certain time, a single exponential function will dominate the summation (normally for m=1). The time needed to reach the single exponential phase depends on the initial concentration profile, the particle size (via its diffusion coefficient, eq.…”

Section: Assessment Of Airspace Dimensions From Particle Recoverymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Do nanoparticles provide a new opportunity for diagnosis of distal airspace disease?

Löndahl¹,

Jakobsson²,

Broday³

et al. 2016

IJN

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There is a need for efficient techniques to assess abnormalities in the peripheral regions of the lungs, for example, for diagnosis of pulmonary emphysema. Considerable scientific efforts have been directed toward measuring lung morphology by studying recovery of inhaled micron-sized aerosol particles (0.4-1.5 µm). In contrast, it is suggested that the recovery of inhaled airborne nanoparticles may be more useful for diagnosis. The objective of this work is to provide a theoretical background for the use of nanoparticles in measuring lung morphology and to assess their applicability based on a review of the literature. Using nanoparticles for studying distal airspace dimensions is shown to have several advantages over other aerosol-based methods. 1) Nanoparticles deposit almost exclusively by diffusion, which allows a simpler breathing maneuver with minor artifacts from particle losses in the oropharyngeal and upper airways. 2) A higher breathing flow rate can be utilized, making it possible to rapidly inhale from residual volume to total lung capacity (TLC), thereby eliminating the need to determine the TLC before measurement. 3) Recent studies indicate better penetration of nanoparticles than micron-sized particles into poorly ventilated and diseased regions of the lungs; thus, a stronger signal from the abnormal parts is expected. 4) Changes in airspace dimensions have a larger impact on the recovery of nanoparticles. Compared to current diagnostic techniques with high specificity for morphometric changes of the lungs, computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging with hyperpolarized gases, an aerosol-based method is likely to be less time consuming, considerably cheaper, simpler to use, and easier to interpret (providing a single value rather than an image that has to be analyzed). Compared to diagnosis by carbon monoxide (D L,CO ), the uptake of nanoparticles in the lung is not affected by blood flow, hemoglobin concentration or alterations of the alveolar membranes, but relies only on lung morphology.

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Modelling the deposition and retention of particulate materials in the lung

Smith¹,

Thorne²

1986

Pharmacodynamic Models of Selected Toxic Chemicals in Man

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Settling and diffusion of aerosol particles in small airways during breath holding

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Deposition of Ultrafine Aerosols in the Human Respiratory Tract

Deposition of Ultrafine Aerosols in the Human Respiratory Tract

Do nanoparticles provide a new opportunity for diagnosis of distal airspace disease?

Modelling the deposition and retention of particulate materials in the lung

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