SEVEN IN ABSENTIA Ubiquitin Ligases Positively Regulate Defense Against Verticillium dahliae in Gossypium hirsutum

Abstract

Ubiquitination is a post-translational regulatory mechanism that controls a variety of biological processes in plants. The E3 ligases confer specificity by recognizing target proteins for ubiquitination. Here, we identified SEVEN IN ABSENTIA (SINA) ubiquitin ligases, which belong to the RING-type E3 ligase family, in upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum). Twenty-four GhSINAs were characterized, and the expression levels of GhSINA7, GhSINA8, and GhSINA9 were upregulated at 24 h after inoculation with Verticillium dahliae. In vitro ubiquitination assays indicated that the three GhSINAs possessed E3 ubiquitin ligase activities. Transient expression in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves showed that they localized to the nucleus. And yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) screening revealed that they could interact with each other. The ectopic overexpression of GhSINA7, GhSINA8, and GhSINA9 independently in Arabidopsis thaliana resulted in increased tolerance to V. dahliae, while individual knockdowns of GhSINA7, GhSINA8, and GhSINA9 compromised cotton resistance to the pathogen. Thus, GhSINA7, GhSINA8, and GhSINA9 act as positive regulators of defense responses against V. dahliae in cotton plants.

TaSINA2B, interacting with TaSINA1D, positively regulates drought tolerance and root growth in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)

“…Chinese Spring, including five sequences from subgenome A, five sequences from subgenome B and five sequences from subgenome D (Supporting Information: Table ). Each protein sequence contained a conserved RING‐finger domain at the N‐terminus and a SINA domain with approximately 200 conserved amino acid residues at the C‐terminus (Figure 1a; Ren et al, 2021). A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the protein sequences of SINAs from Arabidopsis and wheat, and all the SINAs were divided into two groups, with nine TaSINAs and three Arabidopsis SINAs in Group I, and six TaSINAs and two Arabidopsis SINAs in Group II (Figure 1b).…”

“…All the high‐confidence protein sequences in the wheat genome (IWGSC RefSeq v2.1) were applied in a Hidden Markov Model searching using the HMM profile from the PFAM platform to identify TaSINAs (Finn et al, 2006; Letunic et al, 2009; Zhu et al, 2021). Any protein containing a conserved RING‐finger domain at the N‐terminus and a SINA domain with approximately 200 conserved amino acid residues at the C‐terminus was considered a TaSINA (Figure 1a; Ren et al, 2021). Additionally, the full‐length SINA protein sequences from Arabidopsis and wheat were used for the construction of a phylogenetic tree using MEGA11 software (Tamura et al, 2021).…”

“…Specifically, SINA E3 Ub ligases are RING‐type E3 Ub ligases, which was first found to be involved in the formation of the photoreceptors of fruit flies (Carthew & Rubin, 1990; Li et al, 1997). They contain a C 3 H 4 RING finger domain at the N‐terminus and a SINA domain with nearly 200 amino acid residues at the C‐terminus (Ren et al, 2021). The N‐terminal domain is highly conserved and rich in homatropine, and is responsible for combining with Ub‐conjugating enzyme, while the C‐terminal SINA domain is responsible for combining with the substrate before degradation (Den Herder et al, 2012; Hu & Fearon, 1999).…”

The E3 ubiquitin ligase SINA1 and the protein kinase BIN2 cooperatively regulate PHR1 in apple anthocyanin biosynthesis

“…To date, only one SUMO‐E3 ligase, SIZ1, has been shown to mediate PHR1 activity in response to Pi starvation (Miura et al, 2005), and the E3 ligase NLA has been shown to mediate PHR1 stability in Arabidopsis (Park et al, 2023). The SINA E3 ligases are member of the RING E3 ligase family, which is widely involved in regulating plant growth and development and stress responses (Xie et al, 2002; Ning et al, 2011; Bao et al, 2014; Miao et al, 2016; Fan et al, 2017; Yang et al, 2017; Zhang et al, 2019; Lee et al, 2021; Ren et al, 2021). In apple, MdSINA2 negatively regulates abscisic acid (ABA) signaling, and MdSINA3 inhibits jasmonic acid (JA)‐induced leaf senescence (Li et al, 2020; An et al, 2022).…”

Genome-wide identification ofSINAgene family in sugarcane and functional analysis ofSsSINA1ain drought response

“…As an important member of ubiquitin-proteasome pathway, SINA E3 ligase has been proved to have extensive and rich regulatory effects in many plants, including the growth and development of plant tissues (Xie et al, 2002; Park et al, 2007; Park et al, 2010; Wang et al, 2018), secondary metabolism (Welsch et al, 2007), symbiotic nitrogen fixation (Den et al, 2008), autophagy and drought stress responses (Ning et al, 2011; Bao et al, 2014; Qi et al, 2017), cold stress responses (Fan et al, 2017), plant immunity (Miao et al, 2016; Wang et al, 2018; Ren et al, 2021) and so on. Plant SINA proteins have been studied to be located in the nucleus or cytoplasm in the past (Wang et al, 2018; Li et al, 2020; Xia et al, 2020; Ren et al, 2021). In this study, we identified a significantly drought-induced gene SsSINA1a located in the nucleus (Fig.…”