Seven species of Graphis from Portugal reported new to Europe

Abstract

Seven Graphis species are reported as new to Europe from the Serra de Sintra and the Planalto das Cezaredas, two regions of Portugal where graphidoid Graphidaceae are abundant and diverse. The following species were identified: Graphis cincta, G. crebra, G. handelii, G. leptospora, G. lineola, G. plumierae, and G. verminosa. Many of these share two characters: a densely inspersed hymenium and the presence of norstictic acid in the thallus. A key to the Graphis species known from Europe is provided. The possible reasons for the high, previously unknown, diversity of graphidoid Graphidaceae in this region are discussed. Global warming might be a contributory factor.

Five further species of Graphis reported new to Europe from Portugal

“…All of the newly reported species, as well as the Graphis species reported in Lepista & Aptroot (2016), are essentially pantropical. It is still a mystery whether these species arrived relatively recently or have been present for a long time.…”

“…For hundreds of years, only four species of Graphis (in the sense of Lücking et al (2009)) were known from Europe. Seven species have since been added (Lepista & Aptroot 2016), all recently collected in Portugal. Since 2016, some species of the genus Graphis have been relocated to the phylogenetically somewhat distant genus Allographa (Lücking & Kalb 2018).…”

“…Over the last few years, the first author has continued to study Graphis in Portugal where this genus is abundant and extremely diverse, compared with other regions in Europe (Lepista & Aptroot 2016). In recent years we have studied over 100 specimens of this genus from an area in Portugal called Mata Nacional do Buçaco (MNB) (Fig.…”

“…The specimens cited here have been assigned to pantropical species that were previously described but not recorded from Europe ( Lücking et al 2009). It brings the total number of Graphis species known from Europe to 16 (Lepista & Aptroot 2016). This number includes the three species now treated in Allographa.…”

Lichens and lichenicolous fungi of Estremadura, Portugal, collected in 2015

“…However, many interesting species are known from this region. Papers in which some records from this area can be found are Burgaz and Ahti (2009), Carballal et al (2010), Carvalho (2012), Coutinho (1916), Giralt (2010), Lepista and Aptroot (2016), Muñiz and Hladún (2011), Rico and Barrasa (2011), Sampaio (1970), Tavares (1942Tavares ( , 1945Tavares ( , 1946Tavares ( , 1947Tavares ( , 1951Tavares ( , 1956Tavares ( , 1957Tavares ( , 1958aTavares ( , b, 1960, van den Boom (2005), van den Boom and Etayo (2000) and van den Boom et al (1990). Sintra is the only place in continental Europe of which Glyphis cicatricosa is known and where it is still present (see below).…”