Seven traditional Chinese herbal extracts fermented by Lactobacillus rhamnosus provide anti‐pigmentation effects by regulating the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway

Abstract

Skin pigmentation is resulted from several processes, such as melanin synthesis transportation and abnormal melanin accumulation in keratinocytes. Various studies have suggested that seven traditional Chinese herbal extracts from Atractylodes macrocephala, Paeonia lactiflora, Bletilla striata, Poria cocos, Dictamnus dasycarpus, Ampelopsis japonica and Tribulus terrestris (which we collectively named ChiBai), show several protective effects toward skin‐related diseases. Lactobacillus rhamnosus, a lactic acid bacterium, has been reported to treat skin inflammation and atopic dermatitis. In this study, the broth produced by the cofermentation of ChiBai with Lactobacillus rhamnosus was studied for its effects on skin pigmentation through in vitro and in vitro experiments. In the in vitro experiments, we found that the fermented broth of ChiBai (FB‐ChiBai) suppressed alpha‐melanocyte stimulating hormone (α‐MSH)‐induced melanogenesis in B16F0 murine melanoma cells without any cytotoxicity at a concentration of 0.5%. FB‐ChiBai significantly attenuated melanin production, tyrosinase activities and melanogenesis‐related signaling pathways. Treatment with FB‐ChiBai also reduced the nuclear translocation and promoter binding activities of MITF. In the in vivo experiments, FB‐ChiBai was topically applied to the dorsal skin of C57BL/6J nude mice and concurrently irradiated with UVB, three times a week for 8 weeks. The results indicated that FB‐ChiBai alleviated UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation by reducing epidermal hyperplasia and inhibiting the CREB/MITF/tyrosinase pathway. In conclusion, our data indicated that the anti‐melanogenic effects of FB‐ChiBai are mediated by the inhibition of CREB/MITF/tyrosinase signaling pathway. The findings suggest that FB‐ChiBai can protect against UV‐B irradiation and that it might be used as an agent in cosmetic products to protect against UVB‐induced hyperpigmentation.

Galangin Reverses H2O2-Induced Dermal Fibroblast Senescence via SIRT1-PGC-1α/Nrf2 Signaling

“…The slides were immunostained with anti-PGC-1α, anti-Sirt1, and anti-β-gal antibodies using an UltraVision LP detection system (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA), according to the manufacturer's instructions [27]. Tissue biopsies were dried overnight at 60 • C. The following day, tissues were deparaffinized in xylene for 40 min and rehydrated with a graded series of ethanol.…”

Riceberry Rice Germination and UVB Radiation Enhance Protocatechuic Acid and Vanillic Acid to Reduce Cellular Oxidative Stress and Suppress B16F10 Melanogenesis Relating to F-Actin Rearrangement

“…Ultraviolet type B (UVB) radiation is a critical factor in inducing abnormal melanogenesis and dendrite formation in B16F10 cells [ 25 ]. The previous study supports that UVB radiation is a factor that promotes cellular oxidative stress.…”

Paeoniflorin found in Paeonia lactiflora root extract inhibits melanogenesis by regulating melanin‐related signal transduction in B16F10 cells

“…Melanin content in B16F10 cells was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions 29 . B16F10 cells were cultured at a density of 2 × 10 5 cells/well in 6‐well plates overnight, following treatment with different concentrations of α‐MSH and paeoniflorin for 48 h. The cells were treated with 2 N NaOH (S5881, Sigma), followed by heating at 80°C for 30 min, and the melanin content was measured at an absorbance of 405 nm using a spectrophotometer.…”

“…Tyrosinase activity in B16F10 cells was performed according to the manufacturer's instructions 29 . B16F10 cells were cultured at a density of 2 × 10 5 cells/well in 6‐well plates overnight, following treatment with different concentrations of α‐MSH and paeoniflorin for 48 h. Following washing, the cells were treated with 1% Triton X‐100 prepared in PBS.…”